Igama elithi "meteor" lisetshenziswa kukho kokubili i-meteorology kanye ne-astronomy, kodwa incazelo yalo iyahluka kuye ngokuthi umongo. Umkhakha we-meteorology usebenzisa igama elithi "ama-meteorite" ukuhlanganisa zonke izinto ezenzeka ngokwemvelo ezenzeka kunoma yiliphi izinga emkhathini. I-Meteorology iwucwaningo lwalezi meteor: iqoqo lezigigaba ezenzeka emkhathini woMhlaba. Baningi izinhlobo zama-meteors ngezici ezihlukile.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-meteor akhona, izici zawo nokunye okuningi.
Indlela i-meteor eyakhelwe ngayo
Ama-meteor akheka kuyi-ionosphere, ikakhulukazi emkhathini ongaphezulu, ophakathi kuka-85 no-115 km ngaphezu komhlaba. Lesi yisenzakalo esivamile esingabonwa ngeso lenyama. Eqinisweni, phakathi nobusuku obumnyama nobucwathile, kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe ama-meteor angu-10 angatholwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngaphandle kosizo lwamathuluzi. Kukhona nezinkathi unyaka wonke lapho kuba khona ukwanda kwenani lama-meteor, okuthi Ibanga phakathi kuka-10 no-60 ngehora, inqobo nje uma izimo zivuma.
Le micimbi yaziwa emhlabeni wonke ngokuthi “izihlambi zezinkanyezi” futhi ibangelwa ukuhlukana kwenkanyezi enomsila ibe izinto ezimbalwa ezingena emkhathini wethu, ngayinye iguqule ibe yi-meteor eyingqayizivele.
Umehluko phakathi kwama-meteorite, ama-meteor kanye ne-meteoroid
Kubalulekile ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwama-meteorite, ama-meteorite, nama-meteoroids. I-meteor Kuwucezu lwetshe noma insimbi evela emkhathini esindayo ohambweni lomkhathi womhlaba futhi lushaye phansi. I-meteor, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iwukukhanya okubonakalayo okukhiqizwa lapho ucezu oluncane lwemfucumfucu evela kunkanyezi enomsila noma i-asteroid, Ingena emkhathini woMhlaba bese isha ngenxa yokungqubuzana. Ekugcineni, i-meteoroid incane kunazo zonke ezintathu, ebhekisela kunoma iyiphi imfucumfucu enamatshe noma eyinsimbi esikhaleni engaphansi kwemitha elilodwa ngosayizi. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwala magama lapho ukhuluma ngezehlakalo ezihlobene nomkhathi kanye nezigigaba zasemkhathini.
Ukwakheka nezici
Ukwakheka kwe-meteor kungaba nzima kakhulu. Yakhiwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nensimbi, i-nickel, nedwala. Lezi zinto ngokuvamile Zakha ndawonye ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-accretion, okwenzeka lapho izinhlayiya ezincane zihlangana ukuze zakhe into enkulu. Njengoba i-meteor ihamba emkhathini, ingaxhumana nomkhathi woMhlaba, iwenze ushise futhi uhwamuke.
Lokhu kuhwamuka kuholela ekwakhekeni kokukhanya okukhanyayo, okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi inkanyezi edubulayo. Naphezu kwemvelo yayo edlula ngokushesha, Ama-Meteor anikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokwakheka kwesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga.
Ngokombono wesimo sezulu, kuyabonakala ukuthi ama-meteor akhiwa ngezinto ezikhona emkhathini. Kungenjalo, kungase futhi kube umphumela wezinqubo ezisebenzisa lezi zakhi kanye nokukhanya kwelanga ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuze ujule, ama-meteor amaningi angahlukaniswa njengama-hydrometeors, aqukethe amanzi esimweni esiwuketshezi noma esiqinile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-meteors angabuye ahlanganiswe nezinhlayiya eziqinile ezivela ebusweni bomhlaba, njengothuli noma usawoti wolwandle. Okokugcina, zingabonakalisa njengesenzakalo sokubona noma sikagesi esibangelwa izenzakalo ezibonakalayo ezenzeka emoyeni.
izinhlobo zama-meteors
I-World Meteorological Organization (WMO) isungule uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa kwe-meteor oluhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene.
NgokweWorld Meteorological Organization (WMO), ama-meteor angahlukaniswa abe:
Ama-Hydrometeors: Angama- meteor akhiwe ngamanzi awuketshezi noma aqinile. Bangahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ezicini zabo eziqondile.
- Izinhlayiya zamanzi zilenga emkhathini: amafu, inkungu, inkungu, inkungu eqandayo.
- Imvula: imvula, ukuconsa, imvula eqandayo, izihlambi, isichotho, iqhwa, iqhwa, igraupel.
- Ukufakwa kwezinhlayiya: isithwathwa, amazolo, isithwathwa, iqhwa.
- Izinhlayiya ezithwalwa umoya: iziphepho zeqhwa, amajethi amaza.
- Ezinye: Ukuduma kwezulu, iVegas...
Ama-Lithometeors: Angama- meteor akhiwe ngezinhlayiyana ezivela emhlabeni. Zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezahlukene.
- Izinhlayiya ezilengiswe emkhathini: inkungu, inkungu yothuli, intuthu.
- Izinhlayiya ezithwalwa umoya: isiphepho seqhwa, isiphepho, ama-whirlpools (uthuli noma isihlabathi).
Ama-Photometeors: Zingama-meteor athathwa njenge-optical noma ekhanyayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi uthingo, ama-solar noma ama-lunar halos, ama-circumzenithal arcs, izipoki, indawo engaphezulu kwe-paralunar, amafu acwebezelayo, ama-mirages, izindandatho zama-episcopal, ama-scintillations, njll.
Ama-Electrometeors: Zivela kugesi. Phakathi kwazo sithola izivunguvungu, umbani, umbani, ama-aurora, i-St. Elmo's Fire nokunye.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-astronomy, ama-meteorite ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe ekubunjweni kwawo. Kuyafaneleka ukucacisa ukuthi azihlukaniswa ngokwezimo ezikhanyayo (ama-meteorite), kodwa ngokuya ngezakhi ezakha izinto eziqinile. Izinhlobo ezahlukene yilezi:
- I-Ferrous: Abizwa nangokuthi “siderites”, ayizinto zensimbi. Akhiwe ngensimbi engu-90% (Fe), 9% nickel (Ni) kanye nezinye izakhi ezingu-1%.
- I-Rocky: Ebizwa nangokuthi "ama-meteorite" noma "amadwala", ayizinto zamatshe. Akhiwe ngama-silicates alula, afana namatshe avela kuqweqwe loMhlaba. Nakuba zimelela uhlobo olujwayeleke kakhulu lwe-meteoroid, uma sezifinyelele phezulu kuba nzima ukuzihlukanisa namadwala asemhlabeni.
- I-Feron-rocky: Ziyizinto zamatshe ensimbi. Bethula inhlanganisela ephakathi phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zokuqala.
Umsuka wama-meteors
Ama-Meteor, aziwa nangokuthi izinkanyezi ezidubulayo, anomlando omude noyinkimbinkimbi mayelana nemvelaphi yawo. Kuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi ama-meteor ayizinsalela zokwakheka kwesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga, kanye nezingcezu zenkanyezi enomsila nama-asteroids. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi banemvelaphi engaphandle komhlaba, evela kwamanye amaplanethi noma kwezinye izinhlelo zezinkanyezi. Naphezu kokungaqiniseki okuphathelene nemvelaphi yawo, ama- meteor asaqhubeka ethakazelisa futhi exaka abantu emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuboniswa kwemvelaphi yama- meteor ocwaningweni lwezinkanyezi kwakungenakwenzeka kwaze kwaba unyaka ka-1800. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho izazi zaseJalimane zabala khona ukuphakama lapho ama- meteor ayebonakala khona, okwaholela esiphethweni sokuthi kumelwe ahlobane nezinto eziphuma ngaphandle komhlaba.
Okwamanje, Siyazi ukuthi ama-meteors angaqhamuka emithonjeni ehlukahlukene. Ezinye zingase zibe izinsalela zokwakheka noma ukubhujiswa kwezindikimba ezinkulu zasemkhathini, njengamaplanethi noma amasathelayithi. Ezinye zingavela ezingxenyeni ze-asteroid ezikhona ebhandeni le-asteroid lesistimu yethu sonozungezilanga.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zama-meteors nezici zabo.