Izingxenye zentaba-mlilo

Siyazi ukuthi intaba-mlilo inezingxenye eziningi kakhulu kunalokho esikubona ngamehlo. Lokho okungabonakala ngaphandle yisigaxa sentaba-mlilo noma sonke isigaxa futhi singabona ngisho nodaka oluqhuma lapho kuqhuma intaba. Noma kunjalo, kukhona okuhlukile izingxenye zentaba-mlilo esingaziboni kafushane izingxenye ezisemqoka zalesi sici sokuma komhlaba.

Kulesi sihloko sizochaza zonke izingxenye zentaba-mlilo nokuthi yini imisebenzi yazo ngayinye.

Izici eziyinhloko

Okokuqala kunakho konke ukwazi ezinye zezici eziyinhloko zentaba-mlilo. Yizakhiwo zejoloji ezifihla ezinye izingxenye futhi ezakhiwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lezi zingxenye ziyahlukahluka kuye ngomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo. Ayikho i-volcano ebukeka ifana nenye ngokubukeka. Kodwa-ke, intaba-mlilo ayigcini nje ngalokho esikubona ngaphandle.

Izintaba-mlilo zihlobene eduze nokwakheka kwangaphakathi kweplanethi yethu. Umhlaba unomgogodla ophakathi Kusesimeni esiqinile ngokusho kokulinganiswa kokuzamazama komhlaba kwe-1220km radius. Isendlalelo sangaphandle se-nucleus siyingxenye eqinile efika ku-3400km ku-radius. Ukusuka lapho kuvela ingubo, lapho udaka lutholakala khona. Izingxenye ezimbili zingahlukaniswa, isembatho esiphansi, esisuka ku-700km ukujula siye ku-2885km, nesaphezulu, esisuka ku-700km siye koqweqwe, ngobukhulu obumaphakathi obungu-50km.

Izingxenye zentaba-mlilo

Lezi yizingxenye ezakha ukwakhiwa kwentaba-mlilo:

I-Crater

Kuyimbobo etholakala phezulu futhi okuxoshwa ngayo lava, umlotha nazo zonke izinto ze-pyroclastic. Lapho sikhuluma ngezinto zokwenziwa kwe-pyroclastic esibhekisele kuzo zonke izingcezu zedwala elinentaba-mlilo, amakristalu amaminerali ahlukahlukene, njll. Kunemigodi eminingi ehluka ngosayizi nokuma, yize okuvame kakhulu ukuthi ayindilinga futhi abanzi. Kukhona ezinye izintaba-mlilo ezinomgodi ongaphezu koyedwa.

Ezinye izingxenye zentaba-mlilo zibhekene nokuqhuma okukhulu kwentaba-mlilo. Futhi ngukuthi kuye ngokuthi lokhu kuqhuma singabona yini abanye ngokuqina okwanele okungabhidliza ingxenye yohlaka lwayo noma ukuyiguqula.

I-Caldera

Ingenye yezingxenye zentaba-mlilo evame ukudideka nentaba-mlilo. Kodwa-ke, kungukucindezeleka okukhulu okwenzeka lapho intaba-mlilo ikhipha cishe zonke izinto ekamelweni layo le-magma lapho kuqhuma intaba. I-caldera idala ukungazinzi okuthile ngaphakathi kwentaba-mlilo yokuphila engekho entweni yayo yokwesekwa. Lokhu kushoda kwesakhiwo ngaphakathi kwentaba-mlilo kudala ukuwa kwenhlabathi ngaphakathi. Le caldera inkulu kakhulu kunentaba-mlilo. Khumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izintaba-mlilo ezine-caldera.

Isigaxa sentaba-mlilo

Yikuqongelela udaka oluqina njengoba lupholile. Futhi ingxenye yesigaxa sentaba-mlilo yiwo wonke ama-pyroclast angaphandle kwe-volcano akhiqizwa ukuqhuma noma ukuqhuma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokuya ngenani lamaqubu oke waba nawo empilweni yakho yonke, Isigaxa singahluka ngosayizi nobukhulu. Izigaxa zentaba-mlilo ezivame kakhulu ezikhona yilezo ze-slag, i-spatter kanye ne-tuff.

Izingxenye zentaba-mlilo: ukuqhekeka

Lezi yimifantu eyenzeka ezindaweni lapho kuxoshwa khona i-magma. Yimifantu noma imifantu enesimo esihlanganisiwe esinikeza umoya ngaphakathi nangaphakathi okwenzekayo ngaphakathi izindawo lapho i-magma kanye namagesi angaphakathi axoshelwa phezulu. Kwezinye izimo ibangela ukuthi ikhululwe ngomhubhe noma ngoshimula ngokuqhuma futhi kokunye ikwenza ngokuthula ngezimbobo ezinwebeka ezinhlangothini ezahlukahlukene futhi imboze izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba.

Isimumu nedamu

Ishimula ngumsele okuyiwo ikamelo lamagma nomgodi kuxhunyiwe. Yindawo yentaba-mlilo lapho udaka lwentaba lwenziwa khona ukuxoshwa kwalo. Kakhulu, futhi amagesi akhishwa ngesikhathi kuqhuma adlula kule ndawo. Esinye sezici zokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ingcindezi. Ngokunikwa ingcindezi nobuningi bezinto eziphakama ngoshimula siyabona ukuthi amadwala ahlukaniswa yingcindezi futhi nawo ayaxoshwa kushimula.

Ngokuqondene nedike, kungama-igneous noma ama-magmatic format emise okwe-tube. Zidlula ezingxenyeni zamadwala aseduze bese ziyaqina lapho izinga lokushisa lehla. Lawa madamu akhiqizwa lapho i-magma inyukela ekuqhekekeni okusha noma idala imifantu yokulandela indlela yayo phezu kwamatshe. Endleleni iwela amadwala ase-sedimentary, metamorphic and plutonic.

Izingxenye zentaba-mlilo: ikamelo ledome nelomlingo

I-dome ayilutho ngaphandle kokuqongelela noma isiduli esenziwe ngodaka olubukeka kakhulu noluthola isimo esiyindilinga. La lava aminyene kangangokuthi awukwazanga ukunyakaza kwazise umbango ungamandla kakhulu nomhlabathi. Lapho ukupholisa kuqala, kugcina kuqina futhi la makhaya emvelo ayakhiwa. Abanye bangafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme noma izandiso ezahlukahlukene noma bakhule kancane eminyakeni edlule ngenxa yokuqongelelwa kodaka oluningi. Imvamisa itholakala ngaphakathi kwentaba-mlilo futhi yeqe umkhawulo wentaba. Singazithola kaningi kuma-stratovolcanoes.

Ekugcineni, enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zentaba-mlilo ikamelo le-magma. Inesibopho sokuqongelela i-magma evela ngaphakathi komhlaba. Imvamisa itholakala ekujuleni okukhulu futhi Yidiphozi egcina idwala elincibilikile elaziwa ngegama le-magmuku. Ivela engutsheni yomhlaba. Lapho intaba-mlilo iqala ukuqhuma, i-magma ikhuphuka ngoshimula bese ixoshwa ngentaba. Iqhutshwa yingcindezi kanti uma isixoshiwe ibizwa nge-volcanic lava.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nezingxenye ze-volcano nemisebenzi yayo eyinhloko.