I-Los izinguquko zamakhemikhali ezinto izinqubo lapho izinto zishintsha khona ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali azo, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwezinto ezintsha ezinezakhiwo ezihlukile kulezo zakuqala. Lezi zinguquko zenzeka ezingeni lamangqamuzana, lapho ama-athomu ehlela kabusha futhi aphule noma akhe izibopho ukuze akhe ama-molecule ahlukene.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana nezici eziyisisekelo zokushintshwa kwamakhemikhali ezinto kanye nezibonelo ezithile.
Izinkomba zokushintshwa kwamakhemikhali ento
Kunezinkomba ezimbalwa zezinguquko zamakhemikhali esingazibona. Isibonelo, ukuguqulwa kombala wento kungaba inkomba yokuthi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzekile. Futhi, ukwakheka kwe-precipitate (i-insoluble solid) uma izisombululo ezimbili zixubene zingakhombisa nokushintsha kwamakhemikhali. Ezinye izinkomba zingabandakanya ukukhishwa kwegesi, ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ukwakheka kwamabhamuza, noma ukukhishwa kwephunga elihlukile.
Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi izinguquko zamakhemikhali zihlukile ezinguqukweni zomzimba, lapho kungabikho ukuguqulwa ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali ento. Isibonelo, uma ucezu lweqhwa luncibilika, kwenzeka ushintsho olungokomzimba, njengoba amanzi esengamanzi, avele aguqule isimo asuke esiqinile abe wuketshezi.
Izibonelo zokushintsha kwamakhemikhali ezinto ekudleni
Ukubhaka amakhukhi noma amakhekhe
Ngemuva kwenqubo evamile yokukhiqiza amakhukhi, amakhekhe, ama-muffin nokunye ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvutshelwa, lapho inhlama ikhula ngevolumu ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwegesi yizilwanyana ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi imvubelo. Ekwenzeni isinkwa, imvubelo iguqula isitashi sibe yi-glucose.
Ukugaya
Ukugaya ukudla kuyisibonelo esisobala sokushintsha kwamakhemikhali nge-hydrolysis. Ukudla esikudlayo njengezithelo, imifino, inyama, njll., kuyadlula inqubo yokuxuba namajusi wesisu ukuze amunce kangcono izakhi, futhi ziguqulwa zibe yizinto ezihlukahlukene ngokuvumelana nezidingo zomzimba.
Phakathi nenqubo efanayo, izakhi ezidlulele noma ubuthi bukhishwa emzimbeni ngendlela ehlukile kuneyokuqala; ngesimo sendle, umchamo, umjuluko, njll.
Amaswidi
I-Caramel iyisibonelo esiyisisekelo sokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali ento, ethola i-viscous, i-amber-colored mass kanye nephunga elimnandi kakhulu ngenxa yokushisa okumhlophe, ushukela oqinile imizuzu embalwa. Ngamanye amazwi, kwakhiqizwa umkhiqizo ohluke ngokuphelele.
lungisa iqanda
Iqanda elibilisiwe alibukeki lihlukile kuphela esimweni salo sasekuqaleni, kodwa izingxenye zalo eziyinhloko, i-yolk kanye nomhlophe kungena ukuguqulwa kwamangqamuzana okuguqula unomphela ukwakheka kwawo.
Izibonelo zokushintsha kwamakhemikhali ezinto ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni
I-Photosynthesis
I-Photosynthesis iyinqubo yamakhemikhali ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yasemhlabeni. Kungukuguqulwa kwamandla okukhanya abe amandla amakhemikhali ngumbuso wezitshalo. Ku-photosynthesis, Amathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 ekhabhoni aguqulwa abe yi-biomass ngosizo lwezakhi ezifana ne-carbon dioxide, amanzi nama-photon.
ukukhiqizwa kwensipho
I-Saponification inqubo yamakhemikhali yokuthola insipho ne-glycerin ezintweni ezinamafutha axhunywe kwisisombululo se-alkaline. Ukuze ukhiqize insipho ungasebenzisa amafutha omnqumo, amafutha e-almond, ibhotela le-cocoa, njll.
Ukuphefumula
Ukuphefumula kuwukushintsha kwamakhemikhali ezinto, njengoba kuguqula umoya-mpilo ophefumulelwe ube yi-carbon dioxide ekhishwa ngaphandle, ngamaphaphu, i-alveoli, igazi, nama-capillaries.
imigodi kanye ne-tartar
I-Caries ne-tartar zifana nenqubo ye-oxidation yezinsimbi, kuphela kuleli cala kukhona ukugqokwa kwamapuleti wamazinyo. I-caries yamazinyo ingumphumela one-asidi wokusebenzelana kwezilwanyana ezincane nokudla esikudlayo, okungabhoboza futhi kucekele phansi uqweqwe lwamazinyo nezingqimba zangaphandle zamazinyo, kushintshe ukubukeka kwawo, ukwakheka kwawo, nombala. Nakuba amazinyo angagcinwa ngokugcwaliswa kanye nemiqhele, lapho kwenzeka umonakalo, izinyo ngokwalo azikwazi ukubuyiselwa esimweni salo semvelo.
Ngokwayo, i-tartar iyi-plaque yamaminerali eqinile enamathela kuqweqwe lwamagciwane, emboza imiphetho yamazinyo nezinsini, inikeze ukubukeka okungathandeki. Uma i-tartar ingasuswa futhi ifinyelela esimweni esinzima kakhulu, izinguquko eziphelele nezingenakuhlehliswa zenzeka esakhiweni sezinyo, okubangela iphunga elibi, izinguquko zombala unomphela kanye namazinyo okufakelwa angalungiseki.
Nciphisa amavithamini noma ama-antacid emanzini
Amanye amavithamini noma imithi edambisa izimpawu zokungagayeki kahle kokudla noma isilungulela ikhiqiza umphumela osebenzayo wamagesi ancibilikisiwe lapho uthintana namanzi, okungukuthi, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwe-asidi ne-sodium carbonate noma i-bicarbonate.
Izibonelo zokushintshwa kwamakhemikhali ezinto ngokusha
Iziqhumane
Iziqhumane ziyi-chemistry emsulwa. I-luminescence ebonwa lapho iqhunyiswa emoyeni ivela ekuhlanganiseni nasekunciphiseni ukusabela kwesibhamu njengophethiloli. Ungathola izakhi eziqhuma kumazinga okushisa angu-1.000 kuya ku-2.000°C, njenge i-strontium, ithusi, i-magnesium, i-chlorine, i-potassium, i-aluminium, i-titanium, i-barium, i-antimoni, i-nitrogen monoxide ne-sulfur dioxide. Umphumela emva kwalokho ubhekwa njengodoti ngoba akusekho chemistry okwenzekayo futhi okusele kuyize.
Iphepha elivuthayo, izinkuni, njll.
Ukhuni olushisiwe, iphepha elibasiwe, nanoma iyiphi enye into ngeke zisabuyiselwa esimweni sazo semvelo lapho zichayeka ekushiseni okukhulu. Umlotha otholwe ngenxa yokusha Ayinayo insiza yangaphambilini noma umsebenzi ngoba umlilo uguqule ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ezingxenye zawo.
Ukushisa uphethiloli
Inqubo yokusebenza yenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi njengemoto noma isithuthuthu inezigaba ezine: ukuthatha, ukucindezela, ukuqhuma kanye ne-exhaust, lapho uphethiloli ungena njengento ngesikhathi sokuthatha futhi uphuma igesi evuthayo evela epayipini lokukhipha umoya noma i-muffler yemoto.
Njengoba ubona, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezibonelo zezinguquko zamakhemikhali endabeni ezibonisa lokhu kalula. Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana noshintsho lwamakhemikhali ento kanye nezici zayo.