El izingilazi ze-Arctic Ocean Yileso esitholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho kakhulu yomhlaba wethu. Ngiluthathe njengolwandle olubanda kakhulu ngoba amanzi alo amaningi embozwe iqhwa elikhulu. Ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu lokhu kuyashintsha. Ama-ice sheet ancibilika ngokuya ngokuya ngokwanda, enikeza zonke izinhlobo zokuphila ezivumelaniswe nalezi zimo ezinzima zingakwazi ukuphila.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nolwandle lwe-Arctic glacial, izici zalo nezilwane.
Izici eziyinhloko
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu noLwandlekazi i-Antarctic ukuthi luneshalofu lezwekazi lapho kutholakala khona iqhwa. Njengoba iqhwa liqhubeka lincibilika ngaleli zinga, I-Antarctica izokwenza ukuthi ulwandle lukhuphuke. Ulwandle lweqhwa lwase-Arctic alunashalofu lamazwekazi, lunamanzi aneqhwa kuphela. Lokhu kwabangela ukuthi imfucumfucu eqandisiwe intante emanzini amaphakathi. Lezi zingqimba ezinkulu zeqhwa zizungezwe ulwandle lonke ehlobo nasebusika, futhi njengoba amanzi eba yiqhwa, anda ngobukhulu.
Itholakala enyakatho Nenkabazwe eseduzane ne-Arctic Circle. Kukhawulelwe ezindaweni eziseduze nase-Asia, eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Unqamula ulwandle i-Atlantic ngokusebenzisa iStrait of Fram kanye noLwandle iBarents. Iphinde inqamule iPacific Ocean ngeBering Strait kanye nogu lonke olusogwini lwase-Alaska, eCanada, enyakatho yeYurophu naseRussia.
Ukujula kwayo okuyinhloko kuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-2000 kanye nama-4000. Inendawo ephelele engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-14.056.000.
Ukwakheka nesimo sezulu se-Arctic glacial ocean
Yize ukwakheka kwalolu lwandle kungaqondakali kahle, kukholakala ukuthi lwakhiwa kudala. Izimo zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu zenza kube nzima ukutadisha lolu lwandle. Ama-Eskimo asehlale lapha iminyaka engaba ngu-20.000 XNUMX. Laba bantu bazi ukuthi bangajwayela kanjani isimo sezulu esibi kulezi zindawo. Badlulise ulwazi oludingekayo kusuka esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye ukuze bakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nempilo kulezi zindawo.
Izinsalela ezitholakala kulolu lwandle zibonisa ubufakazi bokuphila okuyiqhwa unomphela. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-70 edlule, izimo zayo zazifana nezeMedithera namuhla. Kwakungesikhathi esithile nezikhathi ezithile zokwakheka komhlaba lapho lolu lwandle lwatholakala ngokuphelele ngaphandle kweqhwa.
Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lolwandle ebusika lehla lize lifike ku -50 degrees, okwenza kube nzima ukusinda kule ndawo. Isimo sezulu se-polar singesinye samakhaza kakhulu emhlabeni, esihumusha sibe yizinga lokushisa eliphikelelayo noma eliphansi kakhulu lonyaka. Ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngezinkathi ezimbili zonyaka, isizini ngayinye icishe ibe izinyanga eziyisithupha. Sizohlaziya iziteshi ezimbili ezise-Arctic Ocean:
- Ehlobo: Ezinyangeni zasehlobo, izinga lokushisa lishintsha lizungeze u-0 degrees, futhi kukhona ukukhanya kwelanga okuqhubekayo okuvela elangeni amahora angama-24 ngosuku. Kukhona nemvula eqhubekayo yeqhwa evimbela ukuthi iqhwa lingancibiliki ngokuphelele. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwehlobo, kuzoba neziphepho ezibuthakathaka nemvula noma iqhwa.
- invierno: Izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku -50 degrees, futhi kukhona ubusuku baphakade. Ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, ilanga alibonakali nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Izulu licacile kanti nesimo sezulu sizinzile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi alikho ithonya elivela elangeni.
Akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokuba khona kwezimo zezulu kungumphumela wokukhanya kwelanga. Ngakho-ke, ebusika, izimo zezulu zizinzile kakhulu. Ngenxa yemiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokushisa komhlaba, amazinga okushisa ezinyangeni zasehlobo akhuphuka ngokwanda, abangela ukuncibilika cishe ngokuphelele kwe-Arctic Ocean yonke.
Izimbali nezilwane zasolwandle olusenyakatho ye-Arctic
Yize lolu lwandle lusezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kusenezilwane eziningi ezincelisayo ezijwayele lezi zindawo. Iningi linoboya obumhlophe, obungazifihla futhi bumelane namakhaza. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-400 zezilwane eziye zajwayela amakhaza amakhulu endawo. Okudume kakhulu kulokhu ukuthi sinezinhlobo eziyisi-6 zezimpawu zasolwandle namabhubesi asolwandle, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemikhomo namabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo, ezaziwa kakhulu.
Kukhona nezimvukuzane ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-krill, ezibamba iqhaza elibalulekile kupiramidi yemvelo yasolwandle. Izimila zincane kakhulu, cishe azinabo ubulembu noma ubulembu. Ucezu lweqhwa olwakhiwe oLwandle i-Arctic luyindawo enkulu eqandisiwe. Ubuso bemizimba engewona amanzi buphinda kabili ebusika futhi buzungezwe ngamanzi aneqhwa ehlobo. Lawa makepisi imvamisa ubukhulu bawo bungu-2 kuya ku-3 metres futhi ukuhamba njalo emanzini nomoya waseSiberia. Ekugcineni siyabona ukuthi amanye ama-ice cubes ahlangana futhi ahlangane ngokuphelele. Lokhu kwakha igebe elicwilile elinobukhulu obungaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu ubukhulu bekepisi elakhiwe ekuqaleni.
Kungashiwo ukuthi usawoti walolu lwandle ungaphansi kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani lokuhwamuka liphansi kakhulu futhi amanzi ahlanzekile ancibilikile athinta inani lokuhwamuka.
Izinsongo
Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ama-25% ezinqolobane zomhlaba kawoyela, igesi yemvelo, ithini, imanganese, igolide, i-nickel, i-lead ne-platinum zikulolu lwandle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuncibilika kungasebenzisa lezi zinsizakusebenza njengamandla nezindawo ezinamasu ezibalulekile esikhathini esizayo. Lolu lwandle luyindawo enkulu yemvelo yokugcina amanzi angenasawoti emhlabeni. Ukuncibilika kwayo kubangela ukuphela kwayo okuseduze.
Uqweqwe lwase-Arctic lusebenza njengesiqandisi somhlaba wonke, olubonisa ukushisa kwelanga kubuyele emkhathini futhi kugcina umhlaba upholile. Yize okwenzeka e-Arctic kuzothinta umhlaba wonke, lesi sikhala singenye yezindawo ezingavikelekile futhi ezisengozini yezinsongo eziningi.
Eminyakeni yokugcina ye-30, amakamelo amathathu eqhwa ezintantayo e-Arctic anyamalale. Ukucekelwa phansi kweqhwa kwenze ulwandle lweqhwa i-Arctic lube yindawo efanelekayo yokuhamba futhi lukuchaye ekudobeni okukhulu nokusetshenziswa kukawoyela, igesi yemvelo kanye namaminerali. Lezi zimo zikhiqize ukungqubuzana okuhlukahlukene kokuthakazelisa, ezinye zaze zaba yizingxabano ezinkulu zempi.
Ngaphezu kwezinguquko zasendaweni ezizothinta ngqo izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zase-Arctic kanye nezindlela zokuziphilisa, kuzoba khona nezinguquko 'ezifinyelela kude' ezizothinta izingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba, njengeSpain, lapho indawo yethu yemvelo izothinteka ngokwanda kwamazinga okushisa .
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nolwandle lwe-Arctic glacial nezimpawu zalo.