Izindawo zemvelo ezivikelekile ziyizindawo lapho ukunakekelwa kwemvelo kanye nokugcinwa kwemithombo yemvelo, kanye nezitshalo nezilwane, kubekwa phambili. Baningi izindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe eMexico abanale nhloso futhi abangavakashelwa ukuze bajabulele ngokugcwele indawo abakuzungezile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana nezici zezindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe eMexico, ukuthi zibaluleke kangakanani nokunye okuningi.
Yiziphi izindawo zemvelo ezivikelekile
Indawo yemvelo evikelekile (ANP) iyindawo eqokwe futhi yasungulwa yiziphathimandla zikahulumeni ukulondoloza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemithombo yemvelo ebalulekile ukuze siphile i-ecosystem kanye nezinhlobo ezihlala kuzo. Lezi zindawo ziyithuluzi elibalulekile ekongiweni kwemvelo kanye nasekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Izici ze-ANP zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lwendawo evikelwe kanye nezidingo ezithile zokongiwa kwesifunda lapho itholakala khona. Nokho, kunezici ezithile ezivamile ezivame ukuba khona kuzo zonke izindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe:
- Ukongiwa kwezinto eziphilayo: Enye yezinjongo eziyinhloko ze-ANP ukuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwebhayoloji yesifunda lapho zitholakala khona. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuvikelwa kwezilwane nezitshalo, kanye nezindawo zazo zemvelo.
- Ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yemvelo: Ama-ANP ahlose nokuvikela imithombo yemvelo yesifunda, njengemifula, amachibi, amahlathi, phakathi kwabanye. Ukulondolozwa kwalezi zinsiza kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe izinga lempilo yabantu nezilwane nezitshalo.
- Imikhawulo nemithethonqubo: Ama-ANP ngokuvamile anemikhawulo ethile kanye nemithethonqubo yokuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kanye nemithombo yemvelo yesifunda. Le mikhawulo ingase ihlanganise ukwenqatshelwa kokuzingela, ukudoba, noma ukumbiwa kwemithombo yemvelo.
- Ucwaningo nemfundo: Ama-ANP amaningi anezinhlelo zocwaningo nezemfundo ezivumela izivakashi nabacwaningi ukuthi bafunde kabanzi mayelana nokuhlukahluka kwemvelo kwesifunda kanye nemithombo yemvelo. Lezi zinhlelo zingabandakanya ukuvakasha okuqondisiwe, izifundo nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi.
- Ezokuvakasha ezisimeme: Ama-ANP angaba izindawo zokuvakasha ezidumile ngenxa yobuhle bawo bemvelo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuthi ezokuvakasha zisimeme futhi azilimazi izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zesifunda noma imithombo yemvelo.
Indawo yemvelo evikelekile iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemithombo yemvelo. Ukuvikelwa kwalezi zindawo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo kanye nokunciphisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Izindawo zemvelo ezivikelekile eMexico
I-Mexico inenani elikhulu lezindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe, ezihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zemvelo nezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ezinye zezinhlobo zezindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe ezikhona eMexico zichazwe ngezansi:
- Imithombo ye-Biosphere: Lezi zindawo ezivikelwe zisungulwa ukuze zivikele futhi zilondoloze imvelo eyingqayizivele futhi entekenteke, kanye nezilwane nezitshalo ezihlala kuzo. Ezinye zezindawo ezigcina izinto eziphilayo ezibalulekile eMexico zihlanganisa iCalakmul Biosphere Reserve, iSian Ka'an Biosphere Reserve, kanye neMonarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve.
- Izindawo Zokuvikela Izitshalo Nezilwane: Lezi zindawo zisungulwe ukuze zivikele izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo nezilwane, kanye nezindawo zazo zemvelo. Izibonelo zalezi zindawo zifaka i-Cuatrociénegas Flora and Fauna Protection Area, i-El Triunfo Flora and Fauna Protection Area, kanye ne-Laguna de Términos Flora and Fauna Protection Area.
- Amapaki Kazwelonke: Lezi zindawo ezivikelekile zisungulwe ukuze kuvikelwe futhi kugcinwe indawo eyingqayizivele yemvelo kanye nemvelo, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngamathuba okuzijabulisa nawemfundo ezivakashini. Amanye amapaki kazwelonke adume kakhulu eMexico ahlanganisa i-Iztaccíhuatl-Popocatépetl National Park, iLagunas de Montebello National Park, kanye neCumbres de Monterrey National Park.
- Izikhumbuzo zemvelo: Lezi zindawo zisungulwe ukuze zivikele izici eziyingqayizivele nezibalulekile zejiyoloji noma ukwakheka kwemvelo, njengezintaba, imihosha, imigede, noma amakhothamo amatshe. Ezinye zezikhumbuzo zemvelo ezibaluleke kakhulu eMexico zihlanganisa Isikhumbuzo Semvelo sase-El Arco de Cabo San Lucas, Isikhumbuzo Semvelo sase-Cañón del Sumidero, kanye ne-El Sótano de las Golondrinas Natural Monument.
- Izindawo Zokuvikela Izisetshenziswa Zemvelo: Lezi zindawo zakhiwe ukuze zivikele futhi zilondoloze imithombo yemvelo yesifunda, njengemifula, amachibi, izilwandle namahlathi. Ezinye zezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvikela imithombo yemvelo e-Mexico zifaka i-Cabo Pulmo Natural Resource Protection Area, i-Isla Contoy Natural Resource Protection Area, kanye ne-Sierra de San Pedro Mártir Natural Resource Protection Area.
I-Mexico inezinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe, ngayinye enesethi yayo yezinjongo nezici ezihlukile. Lezi zindawo zibalulekile ekulondolozweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemithombo yemvelo yezwe, futhi ziwumthombo obalulekile wemfundo, ukuzijabulisa, kanye nezokuvakasha ezisimeme.
Izici zalezi zindawo
Ngaphezu kokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezindawo ezivikelekile zemvelo ezikhona e-Mexico, zonke zabelana ngezici ezithile ezibalulekile ezizenza zikhetheke. Ezinye zalezi zici zichazwe ngezansi:
- Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo: Izindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe zaseMexico ziyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane, eziningi zazo ezihlala zikhona (okungukuthi, ezitholakala kuleso sifunda kuphela). Lezi zinhlelo zemvelo zibalulekile ekulondolozweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingeni likazwelonke nelamazwe ngamazwe.
- Amasevisi emvelo: Izindawo zemvelo ezivikelekile zinikeza izinsiza ezibalulekile zemvelo, njengokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu, ukongiwa komhlabathi namanzi, nokuvikelwa ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo. Lezi zinsizakalo azizuzi nje kuphela izinhlobo ezihlala kulezi zindawo, kodwa futhi nemiphakathi yabantu eseduze.
- Amagugu Ezamasiko: Izindawo ezivikelwe zemvelo zaseMexico zinokubaluleka okuphawulekayo kwamasiko nomlando, njengoba eziningi zazo ziyikhaya lemiphakathi yendabuko ephile ngokuvumelana nemvelo amakhulu eminyaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izindawo ziqukethe izinsalela zemivubukulo kanye nezindawo ezibalulekile zamasiko.
- Ezokuvakasha nezokungcebeleka: Izindawo zemvelo ezivikelekile ziyizindawo ezidumile zezivakashi nezokungcebeleka, ezinikeza amathuba okubuka izilwane zasendle, ukugibela izintaba, ukukhempa, ukuthwebula izithombe, neminye imisebenzi yangaphandle. Ukuvakasha okusimeme kulezi zindawo kungangenisa imali emiphakathini yendawo futhi kusize ngezimali ukongiwa kwezindawo ezivikelekile.
- Ukongiwa: Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezindawo zemvelo ezivikelwe ukulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nezinhlobo ezihlala kuzo. Ukuze kufinyelelwe lo mgomo, lezi zindawo zingaphansi kwemithetho nemingcele eqinile mayelana nemisebenzi yabantu, njengokwakha, ukuxhashazwa kwemithombo yemvelo, nokuzingela.
Njengoba ubona, izindawo ezivikelwe zemvelo eMexico ziyingxenye ebalulekile yamagugu emvelo namasiko ezwe, futhi zibalulekile ekulondolozweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinsiza zemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinikeza amathuba ezokuvakasha nezokuzijabulisa, futhi ziwumthombo wokuziqhenya nokuxhumana emiphakathini ehlala kulezi zindawo noma eduze kwazo.