El umfula i-volga yinde kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi inezici eziningi eziyingqayizivele. Igeleza phakathi kweRussia naseningizimu ize iyothululela oLwandle iCaspian. Njengoba inkulu kangaka, inendawo ebamba amanzi engu-1.360.000 km2. Ukugeleza kwayo kukhulu kangangokuthi ingakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi emadolobheni azungezile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nomfula iVolga, izici zayo kanye nokubaluleka.
Izici eziyinhloko
Umfula iVolga uvela ezintabeni zaseValdai phakathi kweMoscow neSaint Petersburg futhi ugeleza oLwandle iCaspian. Akuwona kuphela umfula omude kunawo wonke eYurophu, futhi mkhulu kunawo wonke. Ubude obuphelele ngamakhilomitha angu-3690 kanti izinga lokugeleza elijwayelekile lingama-cubic metres ayizi-8000 ngomzuzwana.
Indawo yayo ye-hydrological basin ingamakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-1,35, ikleliswe endaweni ye-18 emhlabeni. Futhi ungumfula omkhulu kunayo yonke e-Europe mayelana nokukhipha kanye nokukhipha amanzi. Kubhekwa kabanzi njengomfula kazwelonke waseRussia. Izwe langaphambili laseRussia, i-Russian Khanate, lakhiwe eduze nomfula iVolga.
Ngokomlando, kwakuyindawo ebalulekile yokuhlangana yempucuko yase-Eurasia. Umfula ugeleza emahlathini aseRussia, amahlathi-amathafa kanye nama-steppes. Amadolobha amane kwayishumi amakhulu aseRussia atholakala eVolga Valley, kuhlanganise nenhloko-dolobha yaseMoscow. Amanye amadamu amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni atholakala eduze nomfula iVolga.
Ingowomgodi ovaliwe woLwandle iCaspian futhi iwumfula omude kunayo yonke ogelezela emgodini ovaliwe. Umfula iVolga udabuka eziNtabeni zaseValdai, ezingamamitha angu-225 enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeMoscow futhi cishe amakhilomitha angu-320 eningizimu-mpumalanga yeSt. Ukusuka lapho ujikela eningizimu, udlule amadolobha amaningana, ngaphambi kokuthululela oLwandle lweCaspian ngaphansi kwe-Astrakhan ngamamitha angama-28 ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle.
Ephuzwini layo elibaluleke kakhulu, agobe kuDon. Engxenyeni engenhla yeVolga eduze kwaseStarica, iVolga ngo-1912 yayinemingenela eminingi, ebaluleke kakhulu kuzo kwakuyiKama, Oka, Vitluga kanye neSula. Umfula iVolga kanye nemisele yawo yakha uhlelo loMfula iVolga, oludabula endaweni enabantu abaningi kakhulu eRussia, oluhlanganisa indawo engaba amakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-1,35.
Umlomo woMfula iVolga
Khumbula ukuthi umfula omude kunayo yonke eYurophu kumele ube nomlomo omkhulu. Ichweba layo lingamakhilomitha angu-160 ubude futhi lihlanganisa imisele efika ku-500 kanye nemifula emincane. Isizalo esikhulu kunazo zonke eYurophu ukuphela kwendawo eRussia lapho ungathola khona izilwane ezinjengama-flamingo, ama-pelicans nama-lotus. Ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu wesithwathwa kule ngxenye yeRussia, ubude obuningi bomfula ngokuvamile buba yiqhwa izinyanga ezi-3 zonyaka. Ubusika emfuleni omude kunayo yonke eYurophu buba yiqhwa ngokuphelele.
Umfula iVolga udabula ingxenye enkulu yasentshonalanga yeRussia. Amadamu ayo amaningi amakhulu ahlinzeka ngokunisela namandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi. Ubude bomfula busetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, uma kubhekwa izimpophoma ezingakhiwa eduze komfula omude kakhulu eYurophu. I-Moscow Canal, i-Volga-Don Canal, kanye ne-Volga-Baltic Waterway yakha umzila wamanzi ophakathi nezwe ohlanganisa iMoscow noLwandle Olumhlophe, uLwandle iBaltic, uLwandle lweCaspian, uLwandle lwase-Azov, noLwandle Olumnyama.
umonakalo womfula
Amazinga aphezulu okungcola kwamakhemikhali zibe nomthelela omubi eVolga nasezindaweni zayo. Endleleni, izitshalo nezilwane zithintwa izinto ezenziwa abantu. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi sezimboni, igesi ekhishwayo eminingi igcina ingcolise amanzi futhi ibangele imithelela engemihle kumvelo kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zezitshalo nezilwane eziningi.
Lesi sigodi sivunde kakhulu futhi sikhiqiza inani elikhulu likakolweni. Iqukethe nemithombo yamaminerali enothile. Imboni kawoyela ebalulekile igxile esigodini saseVolga. Ezinye izinsiza zihlanganisa igesi yemvelo, usawoti kanye ne-potash. I-Volga Delta kanye noLwandle lweCaspian yizindawo zokudoba. I-Astrakhan, etholakala ku-delta, iyisikhungo somkhakha we-caviar.
Omunye umthelela wemvelo womfula omude kunayo yonke eYurophu ukuthi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuzulazula. Umfula iVolga uye wanwetshwa kakhulu ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamadamu amakhulu ngesikhathi sezimboni. Kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthweni nasekuhambeni kwezwe laseRussia, ngoba wonke amadamu emifuleni ahlomele izingidi nemikhumbi yobukhulu obukhulu. Yonke le mikhumbi ingahamba isuka oLwandle iCaspian iye ekupheleni komfula ezindaweni eziphakeme.
Imisebenzi nokuzulazula
Ukungcoliswa komfula omude kunayo yonke yaseYurophu kuye kwanda kusukela esikhathini sezimboni. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imingcele evunyelwe yokuhlushwa yamafutha kanye nokuphuma kwayo emanzini omfula inyuke ngo-2016 uma kuqhathaniswa nocwaningo olufanayo olwenziwa ngo-2015. Ukwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu, ukugxila kokungcola kuqhubekile nokukhula unyaka wonke ngo-2016.
Imikhiqizo ebinamazinga aphezulu okungcola ihlanganisa i-iron, i-mercury ne-nickel. Ekuqaleni kuka-August walowo nyaka, uNdunankulu waseRussia uDmitry Medvedev wayala ukuba kusetshenziswe ngokushesha uhlelo lokuhlanza uMfula iVolga. Ngokusho kolwazi olunikezwe uMnyango Wezemvelo WaseRussia, ukuqaliswa kohlelo lokuhlanza uMfula iVolga kuzobiza cishe ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-34.400, noma cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-580.000.
Izinzuzo zomfula iVolga
Lezi ezinye zezinto ezikhangayo zoMfula iVolga:
- Umlomo wayo ungaphansi kwezinga lolwandle, amamitha angu-28 ncamashi.
- Umfula iVolga unemingenela engaphezu kuka-200, ikakhulukazi imifula iKama, i-Oka, iVitluga neSula.
- Cishe ingxenye yabantu baseRussia ihlala eduze neVolga Valley, kanti ingxenye yabantu bakuleli zwe imatasa kwezolimo ngasemfuleni.
- Kunezindawo eziningi zokukhulekela zama-Orthodox nezindela eduze noMfula iVolga.
- Amanye amadamu amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni atholakala eduze nomfula.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana noMfula iVolga nezici zawo.