Kunemibono eminingi yokuchaza umsuka wendawo yonke kanye nokuziphendukela kwayo njalo. Ngaphezu kwethiyori eyaziwa kakhulu yeBig Bang, kuneminye imibono efana nethi ithiyori yendawo yonke emile. Le thiyori yahlongozwa ngeminyaka yawo-1940 njengenye indlela yethiyori yeBig Bang.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi inkolelo-mbono yendawo yonke enganyakazi ihlanganisani, yiziphi izici zayo kanye negalelo elibe nayo kwisayensi.
Ithini ithiyori yendawo yonke emile
Ithiyori yesimo sokuzinza yendawo yonke, eyaziwa nangokuthi imodeli yesimo esiqinile, iyithiyori yecosmological ethi Yahlongozwa ngeminyaka yawo-1940 njengenye indlela yemodeli yeBig Bang. Lo mbono usikisela ukuthi indawo yonke ayizange ibe nesiqalo kungazelelwe ekuqhumeni okukhulu, kodwa kunalokho ibilokhu ikhona futhi iyohlala ikhona esimweni esingaguquki, esizinzile.
Ngokwalo mbono, udaba luhlala ludalwa endaweni engenalutho ngesilinganiso esingaguquki ukuze kugcinwe ukuminyana kwendawo yonke njalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kudalwa okuqhubekayo kwento kwaziwa njengethiyori yendalo eqhubekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Steady Universe Theory ibeka umbono wokuthi indawo yonke ayinasiphelo futhi iyafana ngezinga elikhulu, okusho ukuthi awukho umehluko ophawulekayo ekusabalaleni kwezinto endaweni yonke kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphi. Kusikisela nokuthi indawo yonke ayinaso isikhungo esiqondile nokuthi yonke imithala isuka komunye nomunye ngesivinini esingaguquki.
Le thiyori iye yagxekwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kobufakazi bokuqaphela kanye nokuphikisana nenkolelo-mbono ye-Big Bang, esekelwa inani elikhulu lobufakazi bokubheka. Imisebe yangemuva ye-cosmic microwave, isibonelo, imisebe kazibuthe endaweni yonke, okukholakala ukuthi iyinsalela yeBig Bang. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Big Bang ithiyori ibikezela ukuthi izinto ezikhona akufanele zisakazwe ngendlela efanayo endaweni yonke, okuye kwaphawulwa ekusabalaleni kwemithala.
Nakuba inkolelo-mbono yendawo yonke emile yayiwumbono othakazelisayo ngaleso sikhathi, manje isiyenqatshwa ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda, futhi izazi eziningi zendawo yonke zamukela inkolelo-mbono ye-Big Bang njengencazelo enamandla kakhulu yemvelaphi nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwendawo yonke.
Origen
Ithiyori emile yendawo yonke yasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1940s isazi sezinkanyezi saseBrithani uFred Hoyle, kanye nozakwabo uThomas Gold noHermann Bondi. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Big Bang ithiyori, eyamisa indawo yonke eyandayo eyavela ekuqhumeni okukhulu, wawungakavunyelwa kabanzi umphakathi wesayensi.
U-Hoyle nozakwabo babefuna enye imodeli ye-Big Bang, ababeyibheka njengokuqagela kakhulu futhi yayingahambisani nokuphawula kwabo kokusatshalaliswa kwemithala endaweni yonke. Inkolelo-mbono yendawo yonke emile yavela embonweni wokuthi indawo yonke kufanele ibe yinto efanayo futhi ibe isotropic nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngesikhathi, okusho ukuthi kufanele ibonakale ifana kunoma iyiphi indlela umuntu abheka ngayo.
Ososayensi bakuqaphela lokhu bekungaba yiqiniso kuphela uma indawo yonke ibikhona esimweni esingaguquki, esiqinile, ngokudalwa okuqhubekayo kwezinto endaweni engenalutho ukuze kunxeshezelwe ukwanda kwendawo yonke. Lokhu kwakhiwa okuqhubekayo kwento kwakudingeka ukuze kugcinwe ukuminyana kwendawo yonke kungaguquki futhi kuvinjwe izinto ukuba zingancibiliki ngenxa yokwanda kwendawo yonke.
Naphezu kwezimpikiswano zayo, ithiyori yendawo yonke emile ayizange ithole ukwesekwa kabanzi emphakathini wesayensi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuntuleka kobufakazi bokuqaphela. Kunalokho, Iningi lezazi zesayensi yendawo yonke lamukela inkolelo-mbono yeBig Bang, okwasekelwa inani elikhulu lobufakazi bokuqaphela, njengemisebe yangemuva ye-microwave kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwemithala endaweni yonke.
Nakuba le nkolelo-mbono yagcina ingagunyaziwe, isabhekwa njengephuzu elibalulekile eliyinkomba emlandweni wesayensi yendawo yonke kanye nengxenye eyisisekelo yenkulumo-mpikiswano ngemvelaphi nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwendawo yonke.
Ukubaluleka kwethiyori yendawo yonke emile
Nakuba le nkolelo-mbono yagcina ilahliwe ukuze ivune i-Big Bang ithiyori, isabalulekile emlandweni wesayensi yendawo yonke ngezizathu eziningi.
Okokuqala, yabekela inselele umbono owasungulwa ngaleso sikhathi wokuthi indawo yonke inesiqalo nesiphetho esithile. Umqondo wendawo yonke engunaphakade nehlala njalo wawuguquguquka futhi yavusa impikiswano yesayensi ngemvelaphi nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwendawo yonke.
Okwesibili, inkolelo-mbono yokudalwa okuqhubekayo kwendaba yahlongozwa, okuwumqondo obalulekile ku-physics yesimanje kanye ne-cosmology. Nakuba ithiyori yokudalwa okuqhubekayo kwento yachithwa kumongo wethiyori yendawo yonke emile, iye yathathwa ochwepheshe besayensi yetiyetha njengencazelo engaba khona yamandla amnyama kanye nokusheshisa ukunwetshwa kwendawo yonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkolelo-mbono yendawo yonke emile yanikeza ugqozi ocwaningweni lwesayensi yezinkanyezi yokubuka kanye i-cosmology, okwavumela ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi amasha namasu okutadisha indawo yonke. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukubhekwa kwemisebe yangemuva ye-microwave, enikeze ubufakazi obuqinile obuvuna inkolelo-mbono ye-Big Bang.
Nakuba le thiyori yachithwa, iseyingqopha-mlando emlandweni wesayensi yendawo yonke kanye nesibonelo sokuthi imibono yezinguquko ingavusa kanjani inkulumo-mpikiswano yesayensi nenqubekela phambili ekuqondeni indawo yonke.
iminikelo kwisayensi
Ngaphezu kokubekela inselele umbono osumisiwe womsuka nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwendawo yonke, inkolelo-mbono yendawo yonke emile nayo yaba negalelo elibalulekile kwesayensi. Eminye yeminikelo evelele kakhulu yalo mbono yilena:
- Isimiso se-cosmological: Inkolelo-mbono yendawo yonke emile yasiza ekusunguleni isimiso sendawo yonke, okuwumgomo oyisisekelo wesayensi yendawo yonke yesimanje. Lesi simiso sithi indawo yonke i-homogeneous futhi isotropic ngezinga elikhulu, okungukuthi, ibukeka ifana kunoma iyiphi indlela nanoma iyiphi indawo endaweni yonke.
- Ukudalwa okuqhubekayo kwe-matter: Nakuba ukudalwa okuqhubekayo kwendaba okuhlongozwe inkolelo-mbono yendawo yonke emile kwagcina kungagunyaziwe, umqondo wokudalwa okuqhubekayo kwendaba uthathwe ezinye zezazi zefiziksi njengencazelo engaba khona yamandla amnyama kanye nokusheshisa ukunwetshwa kwemvelo. indawo yonke.
- Ukunwetshwa kwendawo yonke: Inkolelo-mbono yendawo yonke enganyakazi yasiza ekusunguleni umbono wokuthi indawo yonke ikhula njalo. Lo mbono kamuva waqinisekiswa ngokubhekwa kokusatshalaliswa kwemithala endaweni yonke kanye nemisebe yangemuva ye-microwave esendaweni yonke.
- Ukubaluleka kokubuka: Ithiyori emile yendawo yonke yagqamisa ukubaluleka kokubheka nokuhlola isayensi. Ukuntuleka kobufakazi obuqinile bokubheka kwakungesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi ithiyori yendawo yonke enganyakazi ingamukelwa kabanzi, okwenza ucwaningo lwesayensi yezinkanyezi yokubuka kanye nesayensi yendawo yonke.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nethiyori yendawo yonke emile kanye nezici zayo.