Sijwayele ukunetha izulu elicwilisa imigwaqo. Kodwa isifufula esimunca indle siyaphi? Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, izitshalo zokuhlanza indle. Kodwa eMadrid banesimiso esivumela amanzi emvula ukuba agcinwe emathangeni amanzi emvula ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele endaweni yokuhlanza. I isivunguvungu ichibi, ithange elikhulu lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba elisetshenziselwa ukugcina amanzi emvula okuqala, nalo lingcole kakhulu - libi nakakhulu kunendle - ngoba lithwala konke ukungcola okunqwabelene emigwaqweni nasetiyeleni. Ngale ndlela, ithangi livimbela isikhungo sokuhlanza indle ukuthi singeqi isilinganiso saso esikhulu sokugeleza futhi kudingeke ukuthi sikhiphe okusele okungahlanzekile esiteshini esiwamukelayo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nedamu lesiphepho nokuthi liyini ukubaluleka kwalo.
Siyini ichibi lesiphepho
Ezinsukwini zemvula enkulu, amanzi angena emiseleni, kodwa ngenxa yomthamo wawo, awakwazi ukwelashwa ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, amanzi alinda ethangini lesiphepho kuze kuphele imvula. Bese beqondiswa kancane kancane baye eziteshini zokuhlanza. Lokhu akuvimbi nje kuphela ukungcoliswa kwemifula, kodwa nezikhukhula ezingase zibe khona kanye nokulimala kwemvelo.
Amanzi aqondiswe emathangeni amanzi emvula ngokusebenzisa amaqoqo amakhulu afinyelela kumamitha ayisikhombisa ububanzi, njengomhubhe ongaphansi komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphambi kokufika ethangini, amanzi adlula ochungechungeni lwezihlungi ezibamba ukungcola okuqinile njengamabhodlela epulasitiki noma ezinye izinhlobo zezinto. Izinto eziningi eziqinile eziza namanzi emvula zinqwabelana ngaphansi kwawo. Ngemva kwalokho ziqedwa yizinhlelo ezahlukene zokuhlanza.
ECanal de Isabel II sinamathange amanzi emvula angu-65 agcina amanzi emvula ngaphambi kokuba alashwe. Ndawonye bangagcina 1,53 cubic hectares. Amathangi esiphepho amabili amakhulu emhlabeni nawo atholakala eMadrid. Lezi yizikhungo ze-Arroyofresno ne-Butarque. Ngalinye lingagcina amanzi afinyelela ku-400.000 cubic metres, izikhathi ezingu-8 ngaphezu kwe-Retiro Pool.
Ngenxa yalolu hlobo lwamachibi amanzi emvula, izimvula zokuqala zigcinwa endaweni engaphansi kuze kube yilapho indawo yokuhlanza inamandla okuwalawula. Uma esehlanziwe, amanzi angaphindiselwa emfuleni ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele ngaphandle kokusongela ukugeleza kwemvelo.
I-Storm Pond Operation
Phakathi nenkathi eyomile, amanzi angcolile aya ngqo esiteshini sokuhlanza. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi semvula, iziza zivame ukudlula umthamo, ngakho-ke amanzi agelezayo asuka emvuleni aqondiswe kumachibi amanzi ezikhukhula kanye namanzi angcolile ngalokho okwaziwa ngokuthi "i-outfall." Isistimu eyodwa" (DSU).
Ichibi lezivunguvungu ligcina i-DSU kuze kube yilapho selikwazi ukulawulwa esiteshini sokuhlanza amanzi angcolile. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkinga zemvelo ezibangelwa isigaba sokuqala sezehlakalo zemvula lapho ukungcola okuningi kugxile khona ziyancishiswa, njengoba kungala manzi ageza imigwaqo, izimoto noma athutha imfucuza ngisho nezilwane ezifile.
Izingxenye ze-Storm Pond kanye nendawo
I-storm tank inezingxenye ezi-4:
- Igumbi eliphakathi. Ngokuvamile, ithangi litholakala emgqeni phakathi kwegumbi lokubamba kanye negumbi lokukhulula, eliqondisa amanzi angcolile asuka endaweni yokungena ethangini eya endaweni yokulawula ukugeleza.
- Igumbi lokulinda. Indawo yokugcina impahla engaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi yokugcina izivunguvungu zeSigaba 1 uma umthamo wegumbi elimaphakathi seweqiwe.
- igumbi lokuphumula. Iqondisa amanzi amaningi esiphepho endaweni eyamukelayo, ngakho-ke inephansi elehlela kancane ngasepayipini lokuphuma kwethangi.
- Igumbi okomisa. Isici sesilawuli sokugeleza.
Ichibi lesiphepho lingabekwa ngochungechunge noma ngokuhambisana.
- Ngokulandelanayo. Amanzi alawulwayo echibini ahlangana namanzi angcolile angalawuleki, okuholela ekuhlisweni okuguquguqukayo kwamanzi angcolile endleleni eya endaweni yokuhlanza.
- Ngokuhambisana. I-dilution ihlala njalo futhi ukugeleza kulawulwa.
IMadrid kanye nengqalasizinda yayo
Ithangi lamanzi emvula lase-Arroyofresno e-Club de Campo lakhiwa uMkhandlu Wedolobha laseMadrid ukuze liqoqe amanzi emvula namanzi angcolile ukuze ahlanzwe ngokulandelayo endaweni yokuhlanza i-Viveros de la Villa.
Ingqalasizinda yakhelwe ukuthuthukisa amanzi oMfula iManzanares futhi iqoqe amanzi agelezela esifundeni esisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha, ngokutshalwa kwezimali kwezigidi ezingu-105 zama-euro. Futhi, lapho iqedwa ngo-2009, yaba yingxenye yohlelo lokuthuthukisa izinga lamanzi eMfuleni iManzanares, ehambisana namachibi engeziwe angama-28. Ngiyabonga ngalokho, Isikhungo saseMadrid siphatha cishe ama-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyi-1,3 zamanzi ngosuku.
Isakhiwo esihlaba umxhwele asigcini nje ngokusebenza nobukhulu baso: Amamitha angu-140 ububanzi, amamitha angu-290 ubude namamitha angu-22 ukujula, nomthamo wama-cubic metres angu-400.000 (ubukhulu obuphindwe kasishiyagalombili bokukhipha imali). Kodwa futhi ngoba ikhumbuza umthombo wama-Arab, isici esiwenza ingemuva lamanye amafilimu.
ukuthi iklanywe kanjani
Ipharamitha eyisisekelo yokunquma ekwakhiweni kwechibi lamanzi emvula amandla okugcina adingekayo. Ngokuvamile, umthamo wamanzi emvula kufanele wanele amandla emvula amalitha ayi-10 ngomzuzwana ehektheleni imizuzu engama-20 awakhiqizi igesi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yimvula ebucayi, futhi kubangela ukugeza kokuqala komgwaqo kanye nokumiswa kabusha kwenhlabathi kumqoqi.
Ukuze uthole izimvula eziphakeme kunalawo abalulekile, ithangi ngeke ligcine isamba sevolumu yomcimbi wemvula futhi ingxenye izochichima. I-tank yamanzi isebenza njengento yokugcina ukugeza kokuqala, ukusebenza kahle okuncike kumthamo wokuzihlanza we-medium eyamukelayo.
Isibonelo, njengokuhleleka kobukhulu, kulinganiselwa ukuthi umthamo wamagumbi okugcina ungaba ama-cubic metres angu-4 ngehektha ngalinye ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi enyakatho yeSpain, noma cishe ama-cubic metres ayi-9 ihektha ngalinye ezindaweni ezigqagqene ezisenyakatho yeSpain.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nedamu lesiphepho kanye nezici zalo.