Siyazi ukuthi ezinhlotsheni zamandla avuselelekayo akhona emhlabeni, i-solar iyona ethuthuke kakhulu futhi eyaziwa kakhulu. Indawo lapho amandla elanga aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi ukuze akwazi ukuwasebenzisa kuse isitshalo se-photovoltaic. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zezitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic futhi ngayinye inezici zayo namandla ayo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana nezici zesitshalo se-photovoltaic, izinhlobo ezikhona kanye nezinzuzo ezinazo maqondana nezitshalo zokukhiqiza amandla ezisekelwe ku-fuel fuels.
Izici zesitshalo se-photovoltaic
Isitshalo se-photovoltaic isitshalo samandla esisebenzisa umphumela we-photovoltaic ukuguqula amandla elanga abe amandla kagesi. Umphumela we-photovoltaic uvela lapho ama-photons eshaya into futhi elawula ukukhipha ama-electron, okwenza okwamanje okuqondile.
isitshalo se-photovoltaic Ngokuyisisekelo iqukethe amamojula we-photovoltaic nama-inverters. Amaphaneli e-Photovoltaic anesibopho sokuguqula imisebe yelanga. Ngokulandelayo, isiguquli siguqula amandla amanje aqondile abe amandla amanje ashintshanayo anezici ezifana nalezo zegridi.
Kulolu hlobo lwesimiso sonozungezilanga, wonke ugesi okhiqizwayo ujovwa kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa. Lokhu kusebenza kuholela ekusebenzeni okungcono kwedivayisi, njengoba wonke amandla akhiqizwa ngale ndlela asetshenziswa.
Isitshalo esikhulu kunazo zonke se-photovoltaic emhlabeni I-Bhadla Solar Park e-India enamandla afakiwe angu-2.245 MW. Izindleko eziphelele zokufakwa yi-1.200 million euros. Amandla e-photovoltaic abhekwa njengomthombo wamandla ahlanzekile ngoba awakhiqizi amagesi angcolisayo.
Izakhi eziyinhloko
Izingxenye eziyinhloko okufanele zibe nazo noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesitshalo se-photovoltaic, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luluphi uhlobo, yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Amaphaneli elanga: Amaphaneli e-Photovoltaic awumgogodla wesitshalo salolu hlobo. Akhiwe ngamaseli e-photovoltaic athatha amandla avela elangeni futhi awaguqule abe ugesi wamanje oqondile.
- Abatshalizimali: Ugesi okhiqizwa amaphaneli elanga ungowamanje oqondile, kodwa izinto eziningi zikagesi nezinhlelo zisebenzisa amandla ashintshayo. Ama-inverters aguqula ugesi usuka kugesi oqondile uye koshintshayo, okwenza uhambisane nokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kanye nokuhlanganisa ugesi.
- Izakhiwo zokusekela: Ama-solar panel afakwe ezakhiweni eziklanyelwe ukuzigcina zisendaweni, ziqinisekisa ukuthi zibheke kahle kangakanani elangeni kanye nokuvikelwa kwazo ezimeni zesimo sezulu esibi.
- uhlelo lokugcina (ongakukhetha): Ezinye izitshalo ze-photovoltaic zingafaka izinhlelo zokugcina amandla, njengamabhethri, ukugcina ugesi oweqile okhiqizwa emini futhi uyisebenzise ebusuku noma ngezikhathi zokushisa okuphansi kwelanga.
- sezulu umbhoshongo. Kulapho kuhlaziywa khona izimo zezulu ezehlukene ukuze kutholwe inani lemisebe yelanga etholwayo noma okulindeleke ukuthi yamukelwe.
- Imigqa yokuthutha. Ziyimigqa ethwala amandla kagesi ezikhungweni zokusebenzisa.
- Igumbi lokulawula: Iphethe ukuqondisa indawo lapho zonke izakhi zesitshalo se-photovoltaic zisebenza khona.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zezitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic ukuthi izingxenye zikagesi kufanele zilinganiswe ukuze kubhekwe ukwanda okungenzeka kwamandla afakiwe embonini esikhathini esizayo.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic kuye ngokuthi isidingo, amandla kagesi kanye nezinye izici eziningi okufanele zicatshangelwe. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko ezikhona:
- Izitshalo ze-photovoltaic ezihlukanisiwe: Lezi zitshalo zitholakala ezindaweni ezikude lapho kungekho khona ukufinyelela kugridi kagesi evamile. Basebenzisa ama-solar ukuze baphehle ugesi futhi bawugcine kumabhethri ukuze bawusebenzise kamuva. Zilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nezindlu zasemapulazini, iziteshi zesimo sezulu, noma amabhikhoni okuzulazula.
- Izitshalo ze-photovoltaic ezixhunywe kwigridi: Lezi zitshalo zixhunywe ohlelweni olujwayelekile lokusatshalaliswa kukagesi. Baphehla ugesi ngezinga elikhulu futhi bawufake ngqo kugridi, okuvumela ukuba usatshalaliswe kubathengi. Lezi zikhungo zingaba izinhlobo ezimbili:
- Izitshalo zamandla e-photovoltaic ezinkulu: Eyaziwa nangokuthi izitshalo zamandla elanga ezivulekile, zenziwe ngenani elikhulu lamapaneli elanga ahlelwe endaweni enkulu. Bangakwazi ukuthatha umhlaba ongahlali muntu, njengezingwadule noma izindawo zasemaphandleni, futhi bakhiqize ugesi omningi.
- Izitshalo ze-photovoltaic ophahleni: Lezi ziteshi zikagesi zifakwe ophahleni lwezakhiwo zokuhlala, ezohwebo noma zezimboni. Basebenzisa izikhala ezikhona ophahleni ukuze bakhiqize ugesi futhi baphakele ukusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi noma bafake amandla engeziwe kugridi kagesi.
- Izitshalo ezintantayo ze-photovoltaic: Lezi zitshalo zakhiwe emanzini, njengamachibi noma amachibi. Ama-solar panel antanta phezu kwamanzi futhi akhiqize ugesi. Le ndlela inezinzuzo eziningana, njengokulondoloza umhlabathi, ukunciphisa ukuhwamuka kwamanzi, kanye nesivuno esiphezulu ngenxa yokupholisa kwamanzi.
- Izitshalo eziphathekayo ze-photovoltaic: Lezi zitshalo zakhelwe ukuthi zithuthwe futhi zitshalwe ezindaweni ezahlukene ngokwezidingo. Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezimeni eziphuthumayo noma ezindaweni zesikhashana lapho kudingeka khona ugesi, njengokumisa amatende noma imicimbi yangaphandle.
Indlela isitshalo se-photovoltaic esisebenza ngayo
Egunjini lokulawula, ukusebenza kwazo zonke izinto zemishini kuyagadwa. Egunjini lokulawula, ithola ulwazi oluvela emibhoshongweni yesimo sezulu, ama-inverters, amakhabhinethi amanje, izikhungo ze-substation, njll. Inqubo yokuguqulwa kwamandla elanga e-photovoltaic ibe ugesi imi kanje:
Ukuguqulwa kwamandla elanga abe wamanje oqondile
Ama-photocell anesibopho sokuthwebula imisebe yelanga futhi ayiguqule ibe ugesi. Ngokuvamile, zenziwe nge-silicon impahla ye-semiconductor eyenza umphumela we-photoelectric. Lapho i-photon ishayisana neseli yelanga, i-electron iyakhululwa. Ugesi ukhiqizwa ngendlela yamanje oqondile ngesamba sama-electron amaningi amahhala.
Amandla okukhiqiza amandla azoncika esimweni sezulu (imisebe, umswakama, izinga lokushisa...). Kuye ngezimo zezulu ngesikhathi ngasinye, inani lemisebe yelanga elizotholwa amaseli e-photovoltaic lizoguquguquka. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakhiwa umbhoshongo wesimo sezulu esitshalweni selanga.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-DC kuya ku-AC
Amaphaneli e-Photovoltaic akhiqiza okwamanje okuqondile. Nokho, Amandla kagesi azungeza kunethiwekhi yokudlulisela enza kanjalo ngendlela yamanje eshintshanayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-direct current kufanele iguqulelwe ku-alternating current.
Okokuqala, amandla e-DC avela kuma-solar panel anikezwa kwikhabhinethi ye-DC. Kule khabhinethi, okwamanje kuguqulelwa ekubeni i-alternating current ngesiguquli samandla. Eyamanje ibe isilethwa kukhabhinethi ye-AC.
Ukuthuthwa nokuphakelwa kukagesi
Ukufika kwamanje kukhabhinethi ye-AC ayikakulungeli ukondla igridi. Ngakho-ke, amandla kagesi akhiqizwa idlula esikhungweni sokuguqula lapho ijwayelana nezimo zamandla kanye ne-voltage yemigqa yokudlulisela ukusetshenziswa esikhungweni sabathengi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi isitshalo se-photovoltaic sinjani nezici zaso.