Kusukela indawo yonke yaqala ukufundwa, umuntu ubelokhu efuna iplanethi efana neyethu. Hhayi kuphela izici, kodwa endaweni maqondana nenkanyezi yayo ukuze ibe sendaweni okuhlalwa kuyo. Kuze kube namuhla, i-exoplanet I-Kepler 442b iyona kuphela enezici ezidingekayo ukuze sikwazi ukusingatha impilo njengoba sikwazi eMhlabeni.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izici ezenza i-exoplanet Kepler 442b ihluke nokuthi ibaluleke kangakanani kithi.
I-Kepler 442b
Awekho ama-exoplanet afana noMhlaba owaziwa ngokuthi angahlalwa anezimo ezifanele zokusekela ukuphila njengoba sikwazi lapha eMhlabeni. Ine-biosphere ecebile yezitshalo, ama-microorganisms nezilwane. Eyodwa kuphela, i-Kepler 442b, iseduze nokwamukela imisebe yezinkanyezi edingekayo ukuze kugcinwe i-biosphere enkulu.
Ama-exoplanets amaplanethi azungeza inkanyezi ngaphandle kwelanga lethu futhi ngenxa yalokho awayona ingxenye yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga.
Ucwaningo, olushicilelwe ku- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, luhlole izimo eziyisisekelo ze-photosynthesis esekelwe emoyeni. Inhlolovo ihlanganisa ama-exoplanets ayishumi afana noMhlaba wenqwaba eyaziwayo azungeza ngaphakathi kwendawo ebizwa ngokuthi indawo yokuhlala ezungeze izinkanyezi zabo.
Indawo okuhlalwa kuyo indawo ezungeze inkanyezi lapho izinga lokushisa lifaneleka ngokwanele ukuze kube khona amanzi awuketshezi. Imfuneko ebalulekile yokuba khona kwempilo njengoba sikwazi eMhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo olwenziwe yizazi zezinkanyezi eNyuvesi yaseNaples e-Italy uthole ukuthi ukuhlala nje endaweni okuhlalwa kuyo akwanele.
I-photosynthesis iyadingeka, engavumela i-biosphere eyinkimbinkimbi efana naleyo etholakala eMhlabeni. Futhi ukuze inqubo ebalulekile yokuguqula ukukhanya kube izinto eziphilayo zezitshalo namagciwane athile kwenzeke, kudingeka isilinganiso esithile sokukhanya kwelanga. Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza umoya-mpilo njenge-byproduct. Akuzona zonke izinkanyezi ezingakwenza lokhu. I-photosynthesis yenza umehluko phakathi kwama-exoplanets noMhlaba.
Emthaleni wethu siqu, inani lamaplanethi aqinisekisiwe lifinyelela ezinkulungwaneni. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luphawula ukuthi amaplanethi asemhlabeni namaplanethi asendaweni okuhlalwa kuyo awavamile.
ama-exoplanets angamatshe
Njengamanje, kunedlanzana lama-exoplanet aziwayo futhi okungenzeka kuhlale kuwo. Noma kunjalo, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi awekho kulawa ma-exoplanet anezimo zethiyori zokusekela i-biosphere efana noMhlaba ngokusebenzisa i-photosynthesis "enomoya-mpilo". Indlela izitshalo eziseMhlabeni eziyisebenzisayo ukuguqula ukukhanya kanye ne-carbon dioxide ibe umoya-mpilo nezakhamzimba.
Iyodwa kuphela kulawa maplanethi esondela ekutholeni imisebe yezinkanyezi edingekayo ukuze kusekelwe i-biosphere enkulu: i-Kepler 442b. I-exoplanet enamatshe cishe kabili ubukhulu boMhlaba izungeza inkanyezi ngokusesilinganisweni kushisa cishe iminyaka engu-1.200 yokukhanya ku-constellation Lyra.
Ucwaningo lwenziwe ngesampula encane kakhulu yala maplanethi. Kodwa izazi zezinkanyezi zazi ngokwanele ngezici zezinkanyezi ezisemthaleni wethu ukuze zicabange ukuthi izimo ezifanele zokuphila okunamandla e-photosynthesis zingase zibe yivelakancane. Iningi lezinkanyezi ku-Milky Way zaziwa ngokuthi ama-red dwarfs. Kubanda kakhulu ukukhiqiza umsebenzi we-photosynthetic kumaplanethi aseduze.
“Izinkanyezi ezibomvu ziwuhlobo lwenkanyezi oluvame kakhulu emthaleni wethu. Lo mphumela uphakamisa ukuthi izimo ezinjengoMhlaba kwamanye amaplanethi zingase zibe yivelakancane kakhulu kunalokho ebesikulindele,” kusho uSolwazi Giovanni Covone, umbhali oholayo wocwaningo. Ngokwesibonelo, Ezinkanyezini ezingu-30 eziseduze neLanga, ezingu-20 zibhekwa njengezincane ezibomvu.
izifundo kuma-exoplanets
Ucwaningo lwama-exoplanets lubonise ukuthi izinkanyezi ezishisa kakhulu kunelanga lethu azifaneleki ukufana noMhlaba.
Izinkanyezi ezikhanyayo zivame ukusha ngokushesha okukhulu. Nakuba ayekwazi ukukhiqiza imisebe eyanele ye-photosynthetically asebenzayo (PAR) ukuze aqalise umsebenzi onjalo eplanethini enamanzi ne-carbon, cishe ayezofa ngaphambi kokuba noma yikuphi ukuphila okuyinkimbinkimbi kuguquke kuwo.
«Lolu cwaningo lubeka izithiyo ezinamandla esikhaleni sepharamitha sempilo eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngeshwa, 'indawo emnandi' ye-terrestrial biosphere ecebile ayibonakali ibanzi kangako," kwengeza uCovone.
Izazi zezinkanyezi zithole izinkulungwane zama-exoplanet ku-Milky Way. Kodwa kuncane abakwaziyo ngabo. Nokho, ososayensi bathi kubonakala kungavamile ukuthola amaplanethi anamatshe, anjengoMhlaba endaweni okuhlalwa kuyo lapho amanzi angaba khona.
Imisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo, njenge-James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), ehlelelwe ukwethulwa ngasekupheleni kwalo nyaka, ingase yembule okwengeziwe ngomhlaba okude ozungeze ezinye izinkanyezi kanye nethuba lokuphila okuyinkimbinkimbi kuzo.
Izici zomzimba ze-Kepler 442b
I-Kepler 442b iyi-super-Earth, i-exoplanet enesisindo ne-radius enkulu kunoMhlaba kodwa incane kunemidondoshiya yeqhwa i-Uranus ne-Neptune. Inezinga lokushisa elilinganayo elingu-233 K (-40 °C). Ngenxa yobubanzi bayo, cishe iyiplanethi enamadwala enobuso obuqinile. Isisindo sale-exoplanet silinganiselwa ku-2,36 M. Uma sicabanga ukuthi ukwakheka kwedwala okufana nokoMhlaba, amandla adonsela phansi e-Kepler 442b angaba namandla angama-30% kunoMhlaba.
Inkanyezi eyijikelezayo inesisindo esingu-0,61 M kanye ne-radius engu-0,60 R. Inezinga lokushisa elingu-4402 K futhi lineminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-2.900 ubudala, ngaphansi kokungaqiniseki okuthile. Uma kuqhathaniswa, iLanga lineminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4600 ubudala futhi linokushisa okungu-5778 K. Inkanyezi impofu ngandlela-thile ene-metallicity (Fe/H) engu- -0,37 kanye no-43% wamandla elanga. Ukukhanya kwayo kungama-12% okukhanya kwelanga.
Ubukhulu obubonakalayo benkanyezi, noma indlela ekhanya ngayo ngokubuka koMhlaba, bungu-14,76. Ngakho-ke, kumnyama kakhulu ukuba ungabonwa ngeso lenyama.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-exoplanet Kepler 442b nezici zayo.