Uma kunesiphepho esidala umonakalo omkhulu endaweni ethile entshonalanga yePacific, igama liphindaphindwa kakhulu isiphepho, okuvame ukuholela ekudidekeni kanti empeleni akufanele. Lokhu kwakhiwa kunezici ezifanayo njengeziphepho ezakha e-Atlantic. Eqinisweni, banomehluko owodwa kuphela: indawo yabo yokuqeqeshwa.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi yizimo zesimo sezulu ezikwazi ukusimangaza futhi zisibangele ukwesaba kwangempela, kuya ngobukhulu bazo nokuthi zikuphi. Kepha, Bayini?
Sakhiwa kanjani isiphepho?
Iziphepho noma iziphepho yiziphepho ezishisayo ezakha i-Atlantic nePacific, kepha kuphela uma ulwandle lufudumele kakhulu, nokushisa okungenani okungama-22 degrees Celsius. Umoya wasolwandle ofudumele futhi oswakeme uyakhuphuka ubangele indawo yengcindezi yomoya ephansi eduzane nolwandle. Kwenzekeni? Umoya, uhamba ngezindlela ezihlukile, wenza isiphepho siqale ukuphenduka.
Umoya ukhuphuka ngokushesha okukhulu futhi ngokushesha ugcwalise indawo yengcindezi ephansi, wondliwe umoya ofudumele ovela ebusweni bolwandle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithatha umoya obanda futhi owomile ovela engxenyeni engenhla, eqondiswe phansi. Kepha lokhu akugcini lapha: ngenkathi uhamba olwandle, isivinini somoya siyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka njengoba iso lesiphepho limunca umoya ofudumele. Maphakathi nalesi simo isimo sinokuthula, ngakho-ke ingcindezi yomoya iphansi kakhulu.
Isigaba sesiphepho
Siyini iSaffir-Simpson Scale?
Ijubane elifinyelelwe yimimoya yalezi zimo lihlukaniswa ngokwesilinganiso sesiphepho iSaffir-Simpson. Lesi sikali sakhiwa ngunjiniyela womphakathi uHerbert Saffir kanye nomqondisi we-United States National Hurricane Center, uBob Simpson ngo-1969.
Elokuqala lakhiwa nguSaffir, owabona ukuthi sasingekho isilinganiso esifanelekile sokuchaza imiphumela yeziphepho. Ngakho-ke, wasungula enamazinga amahlanu ngokulinganisa isivinini somoya. Kamuva, uSimpson wayezongeza imiphumela yamagagasi nezikhukhula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba isiphepho esishisayo sithola amandla, sidlula ezigabeni ezimbili zokuqala, okungukucindezeleka kwendawo eshisayo kanye nesiphepho sendawo eshisayo. Ake sibone ukuthi zihluke kanjani:
- Ukucindezeleka kwaseTropical: uhlelo oluhlelekile lwamafu nesiphepho sikagesi esine-circulation echazwe kahle. Ingcindezi emaphakathi ingu> 980mbar, kanti isivinini somoya sisuka ku-0 siye ku-62km / h. Kungadala izikhukhula ezinkulu.
- Isiphepho esishisayo: uhlelo oluhlelekile lokuduma kwezulu okunamandla ngokusakazwa okuchaziwe. Inesimo se-cyclonic, futhi ingcindezi emaphakathi ingu> 980mbar. Imimoya ingavunguza phakathi kuka-63 no-117km / h, ngakho-ke iyakwazi ukudala iziphepho.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesiphepho
Uma isiphepho siba namandla ngokwengeziwe, lapho-ke sizoqala ukubizwa ngesiphepho noma isiphepho.
- Isigaba 1: ingcindezi emaphakathi ingu-980-994mbar, isivinini somoya singu-74 kuya ku-95km / h, namagagasi aphakathi kuka-1,2 no-1,5m.
Kubanga izikhukhula ezingasogwini, kanye nomonakalo ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni, ikakhulukazi lezo esezitshalwe isikhashana. - Isigaba 2: ingcindezi emaphakathi ingu-965-979mbar, isivinini somoya ngu-154 kuye ku-177km / h, futhi kunamagagasi aphakathi kuka-1,8 no-2,4m.
Kubangela ukonakala kophahla, iminyango, amawindi, nohlaza, kanye namakhaya angomahambanendlwana. - Isigaba 3: ingcindezi emaphakathi ingu-945-964mbar, isivinini somoya singu-178-209km / h futhi kunamagagasi amamitha angu-2,7 kuye kwayi-3,7.
Kubangela ukulimala ogwini, lapho kubhidliza khona izakhiwo ezincane. Kungaba nezikhukhula phakathi nezwe. - Isigaba 4: ingcindezi emaphakathi ingu-920-944mbar, isivinini somoya singu-210 kuya ku-249km / h, futhi amagagasi aphakathi kuka-4 no-5,5m.
Idala umonakalo omkhulu ezakhiweni ezincane, ukuguguleka kwamabhishi, nezikhukhula eziphakathi nezwe. - Isigaba 5: ingcindezi emaphakathi ingu <920, isivinini somoya singaphezulu kuka-250km / h, futhi kunamagagasi angaphezu kuka-5,5m.
Kubangela ukulimala okukhulu ogwini: izikhukhula, ukubhujiswa kophahla, ukuwa kwezihlahla, ukudilika kwenhlabathi. Ukuphuma kwabahlali kungadingeka.
Ingabe ziyazuzisa?
Ukukhuluma ngeziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo kuhlale, noma cishe njalo, kukhulunywa ngezinto ezenza umonakalo omkhulu. Kepha iqiniso ukuthi ngaphandle kwabo, kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba bazoba nezinkinga eziningi.
Ngakho-ke, izinzuzo yilezi:
- Badonsa izimvula nomoya, sisiza ukuthi izindawo ezomile zingomi kangako.
- Bavuselela amahlathi. Izinhlobo ezigulayo kanye / noma ezibuthakathaka azimelani nokudlula kwesiphepho, ngakho-ke lapho zisuswa zishiya indawo yokuthi imbewu ihlume futhi ikhule.
- Gcwalisa amadamu futhi ugcwalise kabusha ama-aquifers ngakho abalimi bangazuza.
- Zisiza ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa ezindaweni ezishisayo okungahle kube ngaphezulu.
Iziphepho zingenye yezimo zezulu ezimangalisa kakhulu, awucabangi? Ngiyethemba le ndatshana ibilusizo kuwe ukwazi izici zayo nokuthi zihlukaniswa kanjani.