Un isiphepho esishisayo ingenye yezinsongo ezinkulu kakhulu empilweni nasempahleni, ngisho nasezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula kwayo. Zithwala izingozi ezihlukahlukene ezingase zithinte kakhulu ukuphila nempahla, njengokuqubuka kwesiphepho, izikhukhula, umoya onamandla, izishingishane, nombani. Lapho lezi zingozi zihlangana, ziyasebenzisana futhi andise kakhulu amathuba okulahlekelwa ukuphila nempahla.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nesishingishane sasezindaweni ezishisayo, ukuthi siqala kanjani nokuthi iyini imiphumela yaso.
Izici eziyinhloko
Eminyakeni engu-50 edlule, iziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo ziye zabangela izinhlekelele ezingu-1.942 779.324, zabulala abantu abangu-1.407,6 XNUMX futhi zabangela ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okulinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-XNUMX XNUMX zamaRandi., okulingana nesilinganiso sokufa kwabantu abangu-43 kanye nomonakalo ongamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-78 ngosuku.
Isivunguvungu se-tropical yisiphepho esiphenduka ngokushesha esisuka olwandle olushisayo futhi sidonsa amandla esiwadingayo ukuze sithuthuke. Inesikhungo esinengcindezi ephansi enamafu azungeza ezindongeni azungeze "iso", ingxenye emaphakathi yesistimu lapho ungekho khona amafu nezimo zezulu ngokuvamile zizolile. Ububanzi bayo buvamise ukuba ngamakhilomitha angama-200 kuye kwangama-500, kodwa futhi ingafinyelela amakhilomitha angu-1.000.
izishingishane zasezindaweni ezishisayo zikhiqiza imimoya enamandla kakhulu, izimvula ezinamandla, amagagasi amakhulu futhi, kwezinye izimo, iziphepho ezilimaza kakhulu nezikhukhula zasogwini. Umoya uvunguza ngokuphambene newashi enyakatho nenkabazwe futhi uvunguze ngokwewashi engxenyeni eseningizimu yenkabazwe. Izishingishane ezifinyelela umfutho othile ziqanjwe ukuze kuphephe umphakathi.
Lesi simo sezulu sinamagama ahlukene kuye ngendawo lapho senzeka khona.
- OLwandle lwaseCaribbean, eGulf of Mexico, eNyakatho ye-Atlantic, nasempumalanga naphakathi kweNyakatho yePacific, lesi simo sezulu saziwa ngokuthi "isiphepho."
- Entshonalanga yeNyakatho yePacific, ibizwa ngokuthi "isishingishane."
- E-Bay of Bengal kanye noLwandle lwase-Arabia, ibizwa ngokuthi "isiphepho."
- Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yePacific naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Indian Ocean, zibizwa ngokuthi "iziphepho ezinamandla."
- Eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Indian Ocean, ibizwa ngokuthi "isiphepho esishisayo."
I-Tropical Cycone nezinhlobo zayo
Izivunguvungu zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nemvula enamandla kakhulu, engabangela izikhukhula ezisabalele. Zibuye zihlotshaniswe nemimoya elimazayo noma eyingozi, nge isivinini somoya esingaphezu kuka-300 km/h ezinhlelweni eziqine kakhulu. Inhlanganisela yamagagasi aqhutshwa umoya kanye nengcindezi ephansi evela esiphephweni esishisayo kudala ukukhuphuka kwesiphepho ogwini: isikhukhula samanzi agijimela ngasogwini ngesivinini esikhulu nangamandla amakhulu, angashanela izakhiwo ezisendleleni yawo futhi adale umonakalo. ugu kanye nemvelo.
Ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bezivinini zomoya eziqhubekayo, izishingishane zasezindaweni ezishisayo zikhethwa kanje:
- Ukucindezeleka kwaseTropical nemimoya enamandla engapheli ngaphansi kuka-63 km/h;
- Iziphepho ezishisayo, lapho imimoya ephakeme eqhubekayo ingaphezu kuka-63 km/h, lezi zinhlobo zeziphepho zibizwa;
- Isiphepho, isishingishane, isishingishane esinamandla, noma isiphepho esinamandla (kuya ngomcengezi) lapho imimoya ephezulu eqinile idlula i-116 km/h.
Ukuqina kwesiphepho kusuka kuSigaba 1 kuya kuSigaba 5 ku-Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale esetshenziswa e-Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, North Atlantic, nasempumalanga namaphakathi neNyakatho Pacific:
- Iziphepho zesigaba 1 yilezo ezinomoya omkhulu osimeme phakathi kuka-119 no-153 km/h.
- Iziphepho zesigaba 2 yilezo ezinomoya omkhulu osimeme phakathi kuka-154 no-177 km/h.
- Iziphepho zesigaba 3 yilezo ezinomoya omkhulu osimeme phakathi kuka-178 no-209 km/h.
- Iziphepho zesigaba 4 yilezo ezinomoya omkhulu osimeme phakathi kuka-210 no-249 km/h.
- Iziphepho zesigaba 5 yilezo ezinomoya omkhulu osimeme ngaphezu kuka-249 km/h.
Umthelela wezishingishane zasezindaweni ezishisayo kanye nomonakalo eziwudalayo awuncikile nje kuphela esivinini somoya, kodwa futhi nejubane lokuhamba, ubude besikhathi somoya onamandla, inani lemvula ngesikhathi nangemuva kokuwa, kanye nezinguquko. Ukuzuma kwesiqondiso namandla okugudluka, ukwakheka kwawo (isb usayizi namandla), kanye nokusabela kwabantu ezinhlekeleleni ezibangelwa yilezi zinhlelo.
Isibikezelo se-Tropical Cyclone
Izazi zezulu zomhlaba zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje njengamasathelayithi, i-radar yesimo sezulu namakhompyutha ukubikezela indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwesishingishane sasezindaweni ezishisayo. Izivunguvungu zaseTropical ngezinye izikhathi azibikezeli ngenxa yokuthi zivele zibe buthaka noma zishintshe indlela. Nokho, izazi zezulu zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje futhi zithuthukisa izindlela zesimanje, njengezinombolo zokubikezela isimo sezulu, ukuze zibikezele ukuthi isishingishane esizoba khona endaweni eshisayo, kuhlanganise noshintsho endleleni esinyakaza ngayo namandla aso, ukuthi siwela nini futhi kuphi, futhi kanjani. ngokushesha kuyenzeka.. INational Meteorological Service yezwe elithintekile iyona ephethe ukukhishwa kwezixwayiso ezisemthethweni.
Zibalelwa ku-80 iziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo minyaka yonke. Uhlelo lweWMO Tropical Cyclone inikeza ulwazi ngalezi zingozi kanye Nesikhungo Solwazi Lwesimo Sezulu Esibi I-WMO ikhipha izexwayiso zesishingishane ngesikhathi sangempela.
Uhlaka lwe-WMO luvumela ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi futhi okufika ngesikhathi kolwazi lwesishingishane sasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngenxa yokubambisana nokuxhumana kwamazwe ngamazwe, inani elandayo leziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo zigadwa kusukela ezigabeni zokuqala zokubunjwa kwazo. I-WMO iqondisa imisebenzi kule ndawo emhlabeni jikelele nangesifunda ngoHlelo lwayo Lwesishingishane saseTropical. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwalolu hlelo, imisebenzi yeZikhungo Zesimo Sezulu Zesifunda Ezikhethekile Ngezishingishane Ezishisayo kanye Nezikhungo Zokuxwayisa Ngezishingishane ZaseTropiki eziqokwe i-WMO ziyenziwa. Iqhaza lalezi zikhungo ukuthola, ukuqapha, ukulandelela kanye nokubikezela zonke iziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezindaweni zazo. Lezi zikhungo zinikeza isiqondiso nezexwayiso ngesikhathi sangempela ku-National Meteorological and Hydrological Services.
Esimeni sokucindezeleka esishisayo, imimoya ingafinyelela isivinini esingafika kumakhilomitha angu-62 ngehora (km/h), ibangele izikhukhula ezinkulu kanye nengqalasizinda elimazayo endaweni. Esiphephweni esishisayo sinemimoya leyo Basuka ku-63 kuya ku-117 km ngehora (km/h), izimvula ezinamandla zingadala izikhukhula kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zomonakalo. Kwesinye isikhathi ziphenduka izishingishane.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesiphepho esishisayo nezici zaso.