Namuhla amazinga okushisa omhlaba wonke ukuvuka nokuphula amarekhodi cishe njalo ngenyanga. Lo Agasti odlule kube yiwona ofudumele kakhulu njengoba kukhona amarekhodi okushisa emhlabeni wonke emuva ngonyaka we-1880. Lezi akuzona izehlakalo noma imicimbi ehlukanisiwe, lokhu sekuba umkhuba.
Ama-ejensi amaningana asemthethweni abeka u-2014 njengonyaka ofudumele kakhulu onamazinga okushisa aphezulu aphakathi nendawo. Futhi thina, eSpain, kulo nyaka sihlale ehlobo igagasi lokushisa elide kunawo wonke noJulayi oshisayo emlandweni. Konke lokhu kungasithinta kanjani?
Umhlaba uyafudumala
Ukushisa kakhulu komhlaba vele kuyinto engangabazeki. Kusenabantu abaphika ubukhona bokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye noshintsho emvelweni (njengoDonald Trump), kepha lo mkhuba ungaphezu kokusobala. Kusukela ngawo-1950, izinguquko eziningi ziye zabonwa emvelweni nasemazingeni okushisa omhlaba. Umkhathi nolwandle sekufudumele, inani leqhwa neqhwa lehla ngezinga elingakaze libonwe, ulwandle lukhuphuka ... yimiphumela eqondile yalokhu kufudumala kwembulunga yonke.
Kunemibiko ekhishwe ngu iPhaneli Esebenzisana Nabohulumeni Ekuguqukeni Kwesimo Sezulu (IPCC, ngegama layo ngesiNgisi) le-UN lapho wonke la marekhodi akhonjiswa khona. Embikweni wesihlanu wale phaneli, owethulwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2014, uzothola imininingwane esemqoka esetshenziselwa zonke izingxoxo zengqungquthela yesimo sezulu eParis. Kuyathenjwa ukuthi imihlahlandlela edingekayo izovela kulesi Sivumelwano saseParis ukuze sikwazi ukulwa nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, esivele sidala inhlekelele nomonakalo kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, sizibonakalise sisezingeni lezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Ngokwesayensi azikho izimpikiswano zokuphika ukufudumala futhi akekho uhulumeni emhlabeni osho okuhlukileNgakho-ke, lokhu kuyiqiniso.
Izenzo zomuntu esimweni sezulu seplanethi
Abantu bangazibuza ukuthi kungani iplanethi ifudumala. Kepha impendulo ilula kakhulu: abantu nemisebenzi yabo kushisa imvelo. Izimbangela ezinkulu zokufudumala kwembulunga yonke ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, ikakhulukazi kusuka emkhakheni wezamandla, ezokuthutha, kanye nezinguquko ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba (izinkinga ezixhumene nokugawulwa kwamahlathi).
Kunezinye izimbangela zokufudumala kwembulunga yonke ngemvelaphi yemvelo njengokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, ukwehluka kumjikelezo woMhlaba naku-eksisi noma kumjikelezo welanga. Kodwa-ke, la mathonya awabonakali kakhulu esimweni sezulu somhlaba jikelele. Inkinga ukuthi sikhipha i-CO2 engaphezulu kuneplanethi ekwazi ukugaya. Ososayensi bathi ukugcwala kwe-carbon dioxide kufinyelele emazingeni angakaze abonwe eminyakeni eyizi-800.000 edlule. Futhi ochwepheshe abaningana bakhomba isidingo sokushiya ingxenye yesithathu yezinqolobane zikawoyela ezingasetshenziswanga, uhhafu waleyo kagesi kanye no-80% wamalahle okusasele okuzokhishwa emathunjini omhlaba uma kuzogwenywa ukufinyelela iphuzu lokushisa elibucayi.
Izilwandle azivikelekile
Kunemithethonqubo elawula imisebenzi nokuvikelwa kwezilwandle, kepha-ke, ama-3% kuphela olwandle nolwandle athokozela uhlobo oluthile lokuvikelwa. Imisebenzi yabantu yokuxhashazwa kwezinhlanzi ikhiqiza lokho Izinhlobo ezingama-90% ezinhlanzi emhlabeni ziyingozi ekudobeni ngokweqile.
Ngaphandle kwamamayela angama-200 we-Exclusive Economic Zone yeZwe ngalinye, izilwandle azivikelwe, ngakho-ke, imisebenzi eyenziwa lapho ayilawulwa yinoma yiluphi uhlobo lomthethonqubo. Ukudambisa lesi simo, ukuzibophezela kwamazwe omhlaba ukuthola ukuvikelwa U-10% wolwandle ngo-2020 no-30% ngo-2030.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kudala i-acidification olwandle. I-IPCC ilinganisela ukuthi ukwanda kwe-CO2 kusukela ngo-1750 kudale ukuthi i-pH yasolwandle yehle ngamayunithi ayi-0,1 kusukela lapho. Futhi, yize umphumela ekucwaningeni ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ungakafundwa ngokwanele, kuyesatshwa ukuthi le nqubo yokwenza i-acidification izogcina ngokujezisa nezinhlobo zasolwandle.
Njengoba sifingqe lokhu okuthunyelwe, imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu iyalimaza ezimpilweni zethu, yingakho kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo manje ukuxazulula nokugwema zonke lezi zinkinga.