Yini i-ice pack?

La ukupakisha Luyi-ice sheet entantayo eyakha ezindaweni ezisolwandle. Ukusinda kwamabhere asezindaweni ezibandayo kuncike ekwakhekeni kokuqala kwale ndawo eneqhwa, ngoba kungahamba ngayo ngakho-ke, ngokuzingela. Kepha sizokhuluma ngakho kamuva.

Manje sizogxila kulokho okuyikho i-ice pack, ukuthi yakhiwa kanjani, futhi uyini umehluko phakathi kwaleyo eyakhiwe e-Antarctica naleyo eyakhiwe e-Arctic.

Lakhiwa kanjani iphakethe leqhwa?

Amanzi aba yiqhwa phezulu, kwazise leli elingezansi lifudumele ngoba linobunzima bokukhuphula izinga lokushisa kwalo lapho imisebe yelanga ebuthakathaka kakhulu ifinyelela kuyo, kakhulu kunalapho isivele ifinyelela ebusweni bamaPole. Ngakho-ke, iqala ukuqina lapho ukuncibilika / ukuqina kwephoyinti elihambisana nosawoti kuncipha, okwaziwa njengokwehla kwe-cryoscopic.

Kamuva, ziyakhiwa amakristalu amancane e-lenticular amanzi ahlanzekile, ahlangana futhi agcine akhe indawo efriziwe efriziwe ngokuphelele, enobukhulu obuzungeze imitha eli-1 uma ivuselelwa minyaka yonke, yize ingafika ku-20m kwamanye amaphuzu uma iqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngabe i-Antarctica yehluke kanjani kwi-Arctic?

Ama-ice sheet e-Antarctic nase-Arctic, yize engafana kakhulu, empeleni ahluke kakhulu:

• I-Antarctica: ngenyanga eseningizimu kaDisemba, icishe inyamalale ngokuphelele. Ebusika, iyakheka futhi, ize ihlanganise cishe lonke izwekazi. Ukukunikeza umbono wokuthi ushintsha kanjani ezinkathini ezahlukahlukene, kufanele wazi ukuthi ngoSepthemba, phakathi nenkathi ebandayo noma iPolar Night njengoba ibizwa kanjalo, ifinyelela ku-18,8 million km2, ngenkathi ngoMashi, ngenkathi efudumele Usuku lwePolar, lwehliselwe ku-2,6 million km2. Ngakho-ke kuyinto yesikhashana ebandayo.
• I-Arctic: ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba, inhlabathi efriziwe ihlale injena, iqandisiwe. Izingxenye eziseduze kwamazwekazi azungezile ziyancibilika minyaka yonke, umzuzwana abawusebenzisela ukuzulazula e-Arctic Ocean. Noma kunjalo, ibuye ibe nezinguquko unyaka wonke: ngoMashi ifinyelela ku-15 million km2, kuthi ngoSepthemba ifinyelele ku-6,5 million km2.

Ungakwazi ukubapheqa?

Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka kube nabantu abahlukahlukene, njengoSir John Franklin (1786-1847), isikhulu sezasolwandle kanye nomhloli wamazwe wase-Arctic, abafuna ukufuna lokho okuthiwa Umzila waseNyakatho-ntshonalanga (Northwest Passage ngesiNgisi), okuyigama lapho umzila wolwandle onqamula iNyakatho Melika waziwa ukusuka enyakatho, unqamula i-Arctic Ocean futhi uxhuma iDavis Strait neBering Strait, okungukuthi, i-Atlantic Ocean kanye Pacific Ocean, kepha kuze kube manje ayikatholakali. Ngiyaphinda, kuze kube manje.

Iqiniso ngukuthi kunalabo abacabanga ukuthi ngenxa yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke iqhwa lase-Arctic lingancishiswa ngokwanele ukuze likwazi ukuzulazula kulo. Eqinisweni, baqinisile, kangangoba kunjalo Ngo-Agasti 21, 2007 iNorthwest Passage yayivulekele ukuhamba olwandle ehlobo, futhi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusebenzisa imikhumbi ephihliza iqhwa. Bekungokokuqala ngqa selokhu kwaqalwa amarekhodi ngo-1972 ukuthi lesi sinyathelo sisuswe. Ezikhathini zakamuva nje, ngaphandle kokuqhubeka, ngo-2016, besivele sikukwazisa lokho umkhumbi onabantu abangaphezu kuka-1.600 16, kuhlanganise nabagibeli abayinkulungwane, wawuzosuka e-Alaska ngo-Agasti 20, ufike eNew York ngoSepthemba XNUMX.

Vele, abantu bebehlala benaso leso sidingo nalokho kuzikhohlisa ukubona umhlaba, kepha lokhu kungadala izingxabano phakathi kwabakulezi zifunda (hhayi abantu kuphela, kepha nezilwane eziza ukuzobhekabheka).

Yimiphi imiphumela iphakethe leqhwa elinayo kwisimo sezulu somhlaba jikelele?

Iqhwa lasolwandle elifriziwe linemiphumela hhayi ezifundeni lapho lenza khona kuphela, kepha nasesimo sezulu seplanethi yonke. Inemiphumela emibili emikhulu:

• Kuvikela ulwandle, njengoba lusebenza njengesivikelo esivimbela ulwandle ekubandeni. Ngakho-ke, ukwabiwa kokushisa emhlabeni kuyalawulwa.
• Umhlophe weqhwa ekhombisa kakhulu, okunikela ku-albedo esemaplanethi, okuyingxenye yemisebe yelanga ebuyiselwa emkhathini.

Yiziphi izilwane ezizuzayo ngeqhwa?

I-Los amabhere polar yizilwane esizazi kakhulu. Yizilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke e-Arctic, futhi zidinga ukuzingela ukuze ziphile. Ukuze benze lokhu, bathembele eqoqweni leqhwa, yize ikhava yeqhwa incipha ngokuncipha: phakathi kuka-1979 no-2011, yehle ngo-14% eminyakeni eyishumi. Lokhu kubaphoqa ukuthi babhukude kakhulu, bebeka impilo yentsha neyabo engcupheni.

Kunezinye izilwane, njenge ama-focas, the crustaceans (krill), inhlanzi ezakha uchungechunge lokudla okuthi, ngaphandle kokuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokunqanda ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, imiphumela yakho ingaphazamisa ukulingana kwalesi simiso semvelo esibucayi.