Phakathi nomlando wesintu, iBetelgeuse, inkanyezi enkulukazi, ingeyokuqala ukubonwa incipha kancane kancane futhi ekugcineni inyamalale. Siyazi ukuthi izinkanyezi zinesikhathi sokuphila sezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka inkanyezi iBetelgeuse.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nenkanyezi iBetelgeuse, izici zayo, imvelaphi nokufa.
Betelgeuse Star
Inkanyezi eyimpicabadala i-Betelgeuse iye yadida izibukeli zezinkanyezi amakhulu eminyaka ngokuziphatha kwayo okungalindelekile. Naphezu kwemizamo yokunquma ukunyakaza kwayo, ososayensi bahlale bemangazwa izinguquko ezingalindelekile zale nkanyezi. Muva nje, izazi zezinkanyezi zithole okusha mayelana ne-Betelgeuse: umbala wayo uyashintsha.
Inkanyezi ebomvu eyi-supergiant inkulu kakhulu ngoba isizoqhuma njenge-supernova. Kuze kube manje, kukholakala ukuthi unezinkulungwane ezingamashumi zeminyaka yokuphila, kodwa ucwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi kungase kube amashumi ambalwa eminyaka kuphela.
Inkanyezi ebomvu eyi-supergiant Betelgeuse, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Alpha Orionis, itholakala kumlaza i-Orion. Ngisho nangombono wezinkanyezi, Kukude kakhulu: 642,5 ukukhanya kweminyaka. Nakuba ikude kakhulu, iyinkanyezi yesishiyagalolunye ekhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni. Isizathu siwukuthi likhulu: cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-900 ububanzi. Inkulu ngokuphindwe ka-20 kunelanga.
Ngokuka-Edward Guinan, isazi sezinkanyezi saseVillanova University ePennsylvania esicwaninge kabanzi nge-Betelgeuse, le nkanyezi idume kabi. Uyachaza: “Uhlala ekukhohlisa. Lapho nje ucabanga ukuthi ekugcineni ukutholile, kuzoshintsha ngokungalindelekile phambi kwamehlo akho.
Itholakala ngaphakathi komlaza i-Orion, inkanyezi ebomvu iyinkanyezi yesibili egqama kakhulu eqenjini. Le nkanyezi cishe ineminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-10,01 ubudala futhi itholakala ebangeni elilinganiselwa ku-643 light years.
"Isibikezelo sokufa" ibinzana osekunesikhathi lihlotshaniswa nomqondo wesixwayiso noma uphawu olubonisa ukuthi ukufa kothile okuseduze kuyeza. Lesi sisho sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuchaza isandulela noma isexwayiso sokuthi kukhona okubi okuzayo futhi kube yingxenye yamasiko amaningi kuwo wonke umlando.
Inkanyezi efika ekupheleni
Njengoba isikhathi sihamba, ososayensi bayiqonda kangcono inqubo inkanyezi ephela ngayo. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo ithatha izigidi zeminyaka ukuqeda. Iqala lapho inkanyezi ikhipha izingqimba zayo zangaphandle futhi ekugcineni ifinyelele umvuthwandaba ngesenzakalo esiyinhlekelele eyaziwa ngokuthi i-supernova.
Ngo-2019, i-Betelgeuse yabonisa ukuziphatha okufanayo lapho ukukhanya kwayo kwehliswa ngenxa yokukhishwa kwengxenye yobuso bayo. Nokho, Ukuziphatha kwale nkanyezi kucishe kube yi-atypical njengoba ikhiphe izinto ngaphandle kokuhlushwa i-supernova. Lokhu kukhishwa, okubangele ukulahlekelwa ingxenye ebalulekile yobuningi bayo, kuyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela enkanyezini futhi kubangele isiphithiphithi ngaphakathi kwayo.
Ukwenzeka kokuphuma kwenqwaba ebusweni benkanyezi kuyisenzakalo esingakaze sibe khona esingakaze sisibone ngaphambili. Ngenxa yalokho, sibhekene nezinga elithile lolwazi olungaziwa. Kodwa-ke, isibonakude se-Hubble sisivumele ukuba sibuke lesi senzakalo esisha ngokuphelele futhi sihlaziye imininingwane engaphezulu, okusinika ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokubona ukuthuthuka kwe-stellar evolution ngesikhathi sangempela. Ngokusho kweNASA, lokhu kuyisenzo esimangalisayo.
Ukuwohloka kombala kwenkanyezi i-Betelgeuse
Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, umbala wenkanyezi uye washintsha usuka kowomdondoshiya omhlophe waya kowomdondoshiya obomvu, ngenxa yezinqubo zokupholisa nokunwetshwa owenziwe. Lezi zinguquko zemibala azivamile kwezinye izinkanyezi eziningi, ngaphandle kwe-Betegeulse, leyo, ngokusho kwamarekhodi ezinkanyezi zasendulo, nayo iye yaba nenguquko efanayo. Lokhu kuziphatha okuphambene akuhambisani nalokho okwakukholelwa ngaphambili mayelana nokuziphatha kwezinkanyezi eziguga.
Njengamanje, i-Betelgeuse ibonisa ukuziphatha okungavamile, njengoba kuphawulwe ngu-Andrea Dupree we-Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics e-Cambridge, Massachusetts. Ngokusho kwakhe, ingaphakathi lenkanyezi libonakala liguquguquka ngendlela engajwayelekile.
Izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zaphetha ngokuthi isintu siye sazuza impumelelo ephawulekayo ekuqopheni izigaba ezihlukahlukene zomjikelezo wokuphila kwenkanyezi. Lesi isenzakalo esingokomlando esingakaze sibe khona ngenxa yokuthi iso lomuntu liye lazuza lokho okwakubhekwa njengento engenakwenzeka ngaphambili: ikhono lokubona ukwehla kancane kancane kwenkanyezi.
Ingabe i-supernova ingaba nemiphumela eMhlabeni?
Uma kwenzeka i-supernova ye-Betelgeuse, kube nokuqagela okuningi mayelana nemiphumela engaba nayo eMhlabeni.
Ucwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi beBetelgeuse Kusadingeka ukuthi kubuyekezwe ontanga bayo bezinkanyezi ukuze baqonde kangcono ubunjalo bayo. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwalokhu, ukungaqiniseki okuningana sekuvele kuzungeza ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Umbuzo ovamile uthi: "Kungenzekani Emhlabeni uma i-Betelgeuse iqhuma ngaphambi kwesikhathi esimisiwe?"
I-Supernovae yizigigaba ezinamandla ngokumangalisayo ezibonakala emkhathini omkhulu womkhathi. Kungenzeka ukuthi i-supernova eyodwa kuphela ezokwenzeka eduze neplanethi yethu. Njengamanje, ama-supernovae anele ngokwanele ngokwesikhashana nangokwendawo ukusuka eMhlabeni kangangokuthi ososayensi basungule "amabanga aphephile" phakathi koMhlaba nalezi zenzakalo eziqhumayo. Nokho, abacwaningi baye benza ucwaningo ukuze nquma imingcele yale ndawo ephephile futhi okutholakele bekuthembisa.
Ngokusho kokushicilelwe ku-Astrophysical Journal portal, kunqunywe ukuthi i-supernova ingabonwa isuka eMhlabeni ngaphandle kwemiphumela eyinhlekelele uma ikude ne-light years engu-150. Nokho, uma kwenzeka i-supernova Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-40 yokukhanya, umhlaba uzobhujiswa. Endabeni yeBetelgeuse, iqhele ngama-600 light years. Uma kwenzeka kuba nokuqhuma, eminyakeni eyinkulungwane izizukulwane zethu ezizayo zingasibona lesi senzakalo sezinkanyezi ngaphandle kokulimala okufika kuzo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nenkanyezi iBetelgeuse nezici zayo.