La I-Crab Nebula, insalela yokuqhuma kwe-supernova, ingenye yezinto zasemkhathini ezihlolisiswa futhi ezibhekwa kakhulu, njengoba imelela umthombo owusizo kakhulu wemisebe yokucwaninga ngezindikimba ezihlukahlukene zasezulwini ezikhona emkhathini. Ukuze ukhulume nge-Crab Nebula, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iyini i-nebula. Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo ifu elikhulu lothuli negesi elitholakala emkhathini. Amanye ama-nebula avela kugesi nothuli olukhishwa izinkanyezi ezifayo ekuqhumeni okufana ne-supernovae. Amanye ama-nebulae yizifunda lapho izinkanyezi ezintsha ziqala khona.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi nge-Crab Nebula, izici zayo kanye nemvelaphi.
Iyini i-Crab Nebula, umlando kanye nemvelaphi
I-nebula yakhiwe ngokuyinhloko i-hydrogen ne-helium. Uthuli negesi ku-nebula kusakazwa kabanzi, kodwa amandla adonsela phansi angaqala kancane kancane ukubamba uthuli negesi ndawonye. Njengoba lezi zigaxa ziba zinkulu, kanjalo namandla adonsela phansi ayakhula.
I-nebula yaqala ukubonwa ngo-1731 yiNgisi uJohn Bevis, okuthiwa walithola, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi labonwa futhi labhalwa ababhula ngezinkanyezi baseShayina nama-Arab, abathi libonakala njengenkanyezi, libonwa ngesikhathi usuku. futhi ingabonakala imini nobusuku izinyanga ezingama-22 zilandelana.
UWilliam Parsons, 1840rd Earl of Rosse, wayibona ngo-900 futhi wayiqamba ngokuthi i-Crab Nebula ngoba lapho edweba i-nebula yayibukeka njengenkalankala. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, izithombe eziningana ze-nebula zabonisa ukuthi yayikhula futhi yanquma ukuthi yakha eminyakeni engaba ngu-XNUMX edlule. Ukuhlaziywa kwemibhalo yomlando kufakazela ukuthi i-supernova leyo wadala i-Crab Nebula kwenzeka ngo-April noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ka-1054 AD, ifinyelela ekukhanyeni kwayo okukhulu ngo-July, ikhanya kakhulu ebusuku kunanoma iyiphi enye indikimba yasezulwini ngaphandle kweNyanga.
Uma kubhekwa ibanga layo elikhulu kanye nemvelo engapheli, "inkanyezi entsha" ebonwa amaShayina nama-Arabs bekungaba i-supernova, inkanyezi enkulu eqhumayo okuthi, lapho umthombo wayo wamandla usuphelile ngenxa yokuhlangana kwezikhali zenuzi, iziwohlokele ngokwayo.
Izici eziyinhloko
Izici eziyinhloko ze-nebula yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Kuyinto ekhanyayo eyakhiwe igesi nothuli.
- I-elliptical, cishe imizuzu eyi-arc eyi-6 ubude nemizuzu emi-4 yama-arc ububanzi.
- Inokuminyana cishe kwezinhlayiya eziyi-1.300 ku-cubic centimeter ngayinye.
- Imicu eyakhayo iyinsalela yomkhathi wenkanyezi engumzali, eyakhiwa i-helium ne-hydrogen eyi-ionized, ikhabhoni, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, insimbi, i-neon, nesibabule.
- Ikhula ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angu-1.800 ngomzuzwana.
- Izinga lokushisa lemicu ewuhlanganisayo liphakathi kuka-11.000 18.000 no-XNUMX K.
- Inendawo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engaqondakali phakathi nendawo.
- I-polyon nebula, okusho ukuthi ithola amandla ayo ekujikelezeni kwe-pulsar, kunokuba indaba ikhishwe phakathi kwe-interstellar ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwe-supernova.
- Izinkanyezi ezimbili zingabonakala phakathi nendawo ye-nebula, okukholakala ukuthi enye yazo ibangela i-nebula.
- Ine-radius engaba yiminyaka eyisi-6 yokukhanya.
- Yaziwa nangokuthi i-M1, NGC 1952, Taurus A, neTaurus X-1.
Iphi i-Crab Nebula?
I-Crab Nebula itholakala kumlaza weTaurus. okusho ukuthi itholakala eminyakeni engu-6.500 yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni. Phakathi kwezinto ezaziwayo kule nebula, siyazi ukuthi umnyombo wenkanyezi wafa ngobudlova kangangokuthi waba i-pulsar. Ama-Pulsars ayizinkanyezi ze-neutron eziphenduka ngokushesha. Ubukhulu balo bufana ncamashi nobeLanga, ngaphandle kokuthi linobubanzi obungamakhilomitha ambalwa.
I-Crab pulsar ijikeleza ku-eksisi yayo ngokushintshashintsha okumangalisayo okungu-30 ngomzuzwana futhi inozibuthe we-Tesla eyizigidi eziyi-100. Ukuba ne-magnetosphere enamandla kakhulu, iyakwazi ukuguqula izinto zibe ama-emitters emisebe ye-electromagnetic, ngenxa yokujikeleza kwenkanyezi ku-axis yayo, ama-pulses amafushane abonakala eplanethi yethu, futhi lesi yisizathu salokhu, lokhu kwenzeka Igama.
Ungawugcina kanjani
Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukubhekwa okuningi okwenziwe kule nebula kubonisa ukuthi i-Crab pulsar inendawo enozibuthe eyinkimbinkimbi futhi, njengamanye ama-nebulae, inezigxobo ezine kazibuthe esikhundleni sezimbili. Kuphinde kucatshangwe ukuthi ukuqhuma komsakazo okuyinhloko kukhishwa ifu le-plasma elisebusweni benkanyezi.
Isetshenziswa kakhulu izazi zezinkanyezi ukulinganisa ama-X-ray. kanye nokuminyana kwe-flux ngoba inikeza isignali eqinile ngokwanele ukuhlola ukuvumelanisa kwe-X-ray detectors.
Maphakathi ne-Crab Nebula kukhona umnyombo wenkanyezi owaqhuma futhi wadala i-nebula, into ephenduka ngokushesha. Mhlawumbe enye yezinto ezimangalisa kakhulu ezake zabonwa ukuthi inkanyezi ye-neutron ikhipha ukukhanya kwamaza omsakazo wasemhlabeni njalo lapho iphenduka, njengendlu yesibani olwandle, 30 izikhathi ngomzuzwana.
Phakathi kwezinto ezaziwayo kule nebula, siyazi ukuthi umnyombo wenkanyezi wafa ngobudlova kangangokuthi waba i-pulsar. Ama-Pulsars ayizinkanyezi ze-neutron eziphenduka ngokushesha. Ubukhulu bayo bufana ncamashi nobeLanga, ngaphandle nje kokuthi inobubanzi obungamakhilomitha ambalwa. Iphinde ibe nensimu kazibuthe ye-tesla eyizigidi eziyi-100. Ukuba ne-magnetosphere enamandla kakhulu, iyakwazi ukuguqula izinto zibe ama-emitters emisebe ye-electromagnetic, ngenxa yokujikeleza kwenkanyezi ku-axis yayo, ama-pulses amafushane abonakala eplanethi yethu, futhi lesi yisizathu salokhu, lokhu kwenzeka Igama.
Njengoba ubona, ukucwaninga nge-nebulae kwakwenziwa nasezikhathini zasendulo lapho ubuchwepheshe busathuthuka. Isifiso somuntu sokuthola ingaphakathi nangaphandle kwendawo yonke senze kwaba lula ngathi ukubona lezi zinhlobo zama-nebula namuhla.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-Crab Nebula nezici zayo.