Ukufiphala kwelanga yilokhu lapho ilanga limbozwe ingxenye noma ngokuphelele yinyanga. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukubuka ukusitheka kwelanga ngokuqondile kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu emehlweni akho, ngisho noma kufanele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu abaningi bayabuza indlela yokubuka ukusitheka kwelanga ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izeluleko ezingcono kakhulu zokufunda ukuthi ungabuka kanjani ukusitheka kwelanga ngokuphepha.
Kuyini ukufiphala kwelanga
I-solar eclipse ingenye yezenzakalo zemvelo ezidume kakhulu phakathi kwesixuku. Ukusitheka kwelanga kwenzeka lapho umzimba owodwa ufihla omunye ekuboneni umuntu wesithathu, umnyakazo ophazamisa ukukhanya komzimba osithekayo. Lokhu kusitheka kwelanga kungenzeka elangeni lapho inyanga idlula phakathi komhlaba nelanga, futhi ukufiphala kwenyanga kungenzeka enyangeni lapho umhlaba uphakathi kwenyanga nelanga.
Lezi zenzakalo azivamile, futhi uma sazi futhi ukuthi ukufiphala kwenyanga kwenzeka kaningi kunokufiphala kwelanga, kuyinto evamile ukuba nokulindela okuphezulu lapho ukufiphala kwelanga kuzokwenzeka.
izinhlobo zokusitheka kwelanga
Njengoba sishilo, ukusitheka kwelanga kwenzeka lapho ukuma kwenyanga kuphazamisana nelanga nomhlaba. Nokho, iNyanga incane kakhulu kuneLanga, ngakho-ke iNyanga kufanele ibekwe ebangeni elifanele ukuze iphazamise ukukhanya okwenziwa iLanga eMhlabeni.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zokusitheka kwelanga zenzeka:
- ukufiphala kwelanga okuphelele: Kwenzeka lapho inyanga ikwazi ukulifihla ngokuphelele ilanga. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, iNyanga kufanele ibe kude izikhathi ezingama-400 ukusuka eLangeni kunokuba uMhlaba usuka eNyangeni. Lapho lesi senzakalo senzeka, uMhlaba ucwila ebumnyameni obuphelele, njengokungathi kusebusuku.
- I-annular eclipse: Uma amaplanethi amathathu eqondana kodwa inyanga ingaphansi noma izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-400 ibanga phakathi koMhlaba nenyanga. Kulesi simo, inyanga ayilimbozi ngokuphelele ilanga, okusivumela ukuba sibone indandatho ekhanyayo ezungezile.
- Ukufiphala kwelanga ngokwengxenye: Lesi simo senzeka lapho iNyanga iphakathi kweLanga noMhlaba, kodwa aziqondani. Ngamanye amazwi, inyanga ingamboza ingxenye yelanga kuphela, futhi ukuthi ukufiphala kwelanga kungabonakala kuncike enanini.
Ungakubuka kanjani ukusitheka kwelanga
Nokho, kufanele kugqokwe isivikelo esifanele lapho ubuka lesi senzakalo esimangalisayo, njengoba ukubuka ilanga ngokuqondile kungabangela ukulimala kwamehlo okwesikhashana noma unomphela. Nakuba phakathi nemizuzu embalwa ukufiphala kwelanga ngokuphelele, kuyadingeka ukuba usebenzise isivikelo ngoba imisebe yelanga iyahluza. Kufanele isetshenziswe njalo uma kwenzeka ukusitheka kwenyanga noma kwengxenye.
Lapho ubuka ukusitheka kwelanga, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya okuzungezile, abafundi abanciphisi futhi ukukhanya okwengeziwe kungena, ngakho izilonda ze-photochemical zenzeka. Ukukhanya kwelanga kungalimaza i-retina, ngisho noma uyibheka ngqo ngaphandle kokuphatheka kabi. Ukulimala kwemishini kungenzeka kusukela ekuchayekeni kafushane ekukhanyeni okukhulu kakhulu.
Ukulimala okushisayo (i-photocoagulation) kubangelwa ukuchayeka okunamandla kodwa okufushane okwandisa izinga lokushisa le-retina. Ukulimala kwe-photochemical kubangelwa ukusabela kwe-photochemical ku-retina okubangelwa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekukhanyeni, ngisho nalapho ukukhanya kuncane kakhulu.
Ukuze ufunde ukuthi ungakubuka kanjani ukusitheka kwelanga ngokuphephile, udinga:
- Sebenzisa izibuko ezikhethekile ezinezihlungi ezigunyaziwe ezitholakala kodokotela bamehlo, izindawo zamaplanethi nezitolo ezikhethekile. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi zigunyazwe ngokuvumelana ne-European Directive 89/686/CEE ezintweni zokuzivikela kanye nokuthi imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa iphrintwe kulebula yazo.
- Sebenzisa izibuko zokushisela zikasayizi 14 ezinengilazi emnyama, Itholakala kuma-hardware noma ezitolo ezikhethekile.
- Ngisho nezibuko ezikhethekile, ungalibuki ilanga ngqo isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzu ngesikhathi, bese uphumuza amehlo akho ingxenye yomzuzu bese uqhubeka ubheka omunye umzuzu.
- Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwezibonakude ezikhethekile kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kusetshenziswe amashidi epulasitiki e-Mylar aluminizayo angasetshenziswa. Lezi zihlungi zenza ilanga libonakale liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Yakha ikhamera ye-pinnhole ukugwema ukubheka ngqo elangeni futhi ubheke ngobumnene ukuqagela. Gubha imbobo engu-3mm ebhokisini lekhadibhodi elingunxande, bese ufulathela elangeni bese uzama ukuveza isithombe salo ngembobo esiqeshini sephepha elimhlophe ngezansi.
- Ungalokothi usebenzise amakhamera, izibonakude, izihlungi zasekhaya noma yimuphi omunye umshini ongagunyaziwe noma olungiselelwe ukubuka ukusitheka kwelanga.
Izingozi zokungazi ukuthi ungabuka kanjani ukusitheka kwelanga
Ukubuka ukusitheka kwelanga okuphelele noma okuyingxenye ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okwanele kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Omunye wemiphumela eyinhloko engenzeka yokubona ukusitheka kwelanga ngaphandle kokuvikelwa yi-phototrauma ku-retina noma i-photic retinopathy.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, imisebe yelanga ihlakazeka kanye kuphela ngaphambi kokuba ifike emehlweni ethu, kodwa phakathi nokusitheka kwelanga ihlakazeka izikhathi eziningi. Siyazi ukuthi noma nini lapho imisebe yelanga isondela ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ku-spectrum ebonakalayo, ikhipha imisebe eyingozi kakhulu emehlweni.
Ukubheka ngqo eLangeni ngaphandle kokuvikelwa ngesikhathi sokusitheka kwelanga (ngaphandle kwesigaba esikhulu kunazo zonke salesi senzakalo, lapho isathelayithi yethu ifihla ngokuphelele inkanyezi yethu) ingalimaza kakhulu amangqamuzana ethu e-retina, noma iwabhubhise ngokuphelele.
I-sequelae nemiphumela ye-solar retinopathy kwesinye isikhathi ingaba eyesikhashana, kodwa khumbula ukuthi nazo zingahlala unomphela. Lapha, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi isikhathi esithathayo ukubona lolu hlobo lokulimala siyahlukahluka.
Ubhekwa njengolimale amehlo akho ngesikhathi sokufiphala kwelanga uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezilandelayo: ukuncipha kokubona okumaphakathi, ukubona okusontekile, noma izinguquko ekuboneni kombala. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu ngemva kokubona ukusitheka kwelanga, kunconywa ukuthi ubone udokotela wamehlo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokubuka ukusitheka kwelanga ngokuphepha.