Kuhlale kukhulunywa ngesimiso sonozungezilanga nendawo yonke eyakhiwe ngamaplanethi, amasathelayithi nezinkanyezi. Nokho, abantu abaningi bayazibuza indlela amaplanethi akhiwe ngayo futhi iyiphi inqubo abakha ngayo futhi bathole izici abanazo njengamanje.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ukuthi amaplanethi akhiwa kanjani, yiziphi izici zawo, nokuthi iyiphi inqubo adlula kuyo.
Indlela amaplanethi akhiwe ngayo
Amaplanethi amaningana kukholakala ukuthi avela "ku-solar nebula," ifu legesi nothuli olwadalwa lapho ilanga liba khona. Le nqubo yenzeka ngokunqwabelana kancane kancane kwento emkhathini: izinhlamvu zothuli negesi ziqala ukunqwabelana futhi, ngaphansi kokudonselana kwamandla adonsela phansi, zihlangane zibe izingcezu ezinkulu nezikhudlwana. Yeqa iminyaka eyizigidi ezimbalwa futhi lokhu kwakha kuholela ezintweni ezintathu: izinkanyezi kufanele zakhe emafwini aminyene e-hydrogen enkulu. Ngemva kwalokho, kwakheka idisk yegesi ezungeze inkanyezi lapho amaplanethi anamadwala angakheka khona ngokungqubuzana okuyisiphithiphithi kwezingxenye ezinkulu zento.
Lapho amaplanethi akha, lawo anemizila eseduze nelanga athuthuka ngokuphawulekayo kunalawo anemizila eqhelelene nelanga. Ukwakheka kwamaplanethi angaphakathi kuhluke kakhulu kulokho kwamaplanethi angaphandle. Ayini ama-exoplanets? Lapho amaplanethi akha, lawo anemizila eseduze nelanga athuthuka ngokuphawulekayo kunalawo anemizila eqhelelene nelanga. Izinsimbi eziminyene ezakha amatshe amaplanethi angaphakathi, njengensimbi nezinye izinto ezisindayo, zashiywa.
Indlela amaplanethi anamatshe akhiwa ngayo
I-Mercury iyiplanethi encane kunazo zonke esimisweni sonozungezilanga futhi eseduze nelanga. Futhi ishesha kakhulu phakathi komakhelwane bayo, izungeza iLanga cishe ngamamayela angu-48 ngomzuzwana.
Amandla adonsela phansi agxilise izinto efwini, okuthe ngemva kokuwa kwakha iLanga. Izinhlayiya ezisele kusukela ekugoqeni kwefu ukusuka kungqimba engaphandle kuya engxenyeni emaphakathi zidale iplanethi enegesi. Izinhlayiya eziseduze nendawo zakha amaplanethi anamatshe.
Ngokusho kwamanye amalungu omphakathi wesayensi, amaplanethi kanye izinkanyezi kungenzeka zakhiwe ngezinsalela zelanga ezinothuli cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezi-4,6 edlule. Amanye amaqoqo ezinkanyezi acindezelwa abe yizigaxa ezinkulu zegesi okwadala i-Jupiter, iSaturn, i-Uranus, neNeptune.
Zizalwa kanjani izinkanyezi?
Izinkanyezi zizalelwa kuma-nebulae, okungamafu amakhulu egesi enziwe ikakhulukazi nge-hydrogen ne-helium, izakhi ezivame kakhulu endaweni yonke. Kungase kube nezifunda zokugxila kwegesi ephezulu ku-nebula. Kulezi zifunda, amandla adonsela phansi anamandla, okwenza ukuthi aqale ukuncipha.
Izindikimba eziningi zasemkhathini ezikhona ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa: ama-asteroids, izinkanyezi ezinomsila, izinkanyezi, ama-meteorite, amaplanethi namasathelayithi. Izinto zasezulwini yizo zonke izinkanyezi ezitholakala emkhathini. Izinkanyezi ezinomsila enziwa kakhulu ngeqhwa namatshe.
Imibono yokwakhiwa kweSolar System
Ithiyori ye-solar nebula (ithiyori eyamukelwa manje) iphakamisa lokho isimiso sonozungezilanga kwakheka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-4,6 edlule lapho i-interstellar matter ezingalweni ezisongekile ze-Milky Way ifinyela futhi igoqeka ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi, futhi indaba ifinyezwa yaba idiski elinyakazayo.
Amaplanethi esimiso sethu sonozungezilanga ahlukaniswe abe amaplanethi angaphakathi namaplanethi angaphandle. Amaplanethi angaphakathi aseduze neLanga ayizindilinga ezinamatshe aqinile futhi ahlanganisa iMercury, Venus, Earth, kanye neMars.
Lezi zihlanganisa i-Orgueil meteorite, iqukethe ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-54Cr (i-chrome 54). Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi lokhu kuhlangana kungase kuhlobene nokusabela okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinkanyezi ezazikhona ngaphambi kwelanga, okungukuthi, ngaphambi kokubunjwa kwesimiso sonozungezilanga, kuhlanganise neplanethi yethu.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva lokuthi amaplanethi akhiwa kanjani
Amaplanethi akha ngamadiski egesi nothuli azungeza izinkanyezi. Lapho “imbewu” yeplanethi yakhiwe, inqwaba yothuli kancane kancane yengeza into futhi yakhe umsele omise okwe-orbit kudiski. UCarlos Carrasco González, ongumcwaningi weRadio Astronomy Institute, uthe: “Ukuchazwa kwezithombe ze-HL Tau ezitholwe yi-ALMA kuphakamisa ukungabaza okuningi, ngoba u-HL Tau uyinkanyezi encane kakhulu ukuthi angakha amaplanethi futhi ukuthungatha la maplanethi akuzange kube yimpumelelo. ."
Uchungechunge olusha lwezithombe ezitholwe kusetshenziswa i-Very Large Array (VLA) ngemininingwane eminingi kunaleyo etholakalayo njengamanje luveza izici ezingakaze zibonwe kumadiski e-protoplanetary futhi lukhomba isisombululo: enye yezindandatho zezinto ezizungezile uthuli lwe-stellar. ngokugxila okuphindwe izikhathi ezintathu kuya kweziyisishagalombili ubukhulu bomhlaba kungakha imibungu yeplanethi.
umbuzo wesikhathi
Iminyaka elinganiselwa ku-HL Tau icishe ibe yiminyaka eyisigidi noma ngaphansi, uma iqhathaniswa neminyaka yeLanga ecishe ibe yiminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1, futhi iqiniso lokuthi liyinkanyezi encane engakaqali ukushisa i-hydrogen emnyombweni walo kunquma umkhondo wabo wokuba abantu abadala.
Lapho inkanyezi ifika kulesi sigaba, amandla akhazimulayo ahlakaza idiski, ngakho amaplanethi awakhi uma engakakhiwa. Izigaxa zothuli ezitholakala kudiski ye-HL Tau zingabonisa ukuba khona kwendlela yokwakheka kweplanethi esheshayo, ngokuhlukana kokuqala kwediski ibe amasongo kanye nokwakheka kwezigaxa ezinkulu kulawa masongo, okuthuthukiswa kwawo bekuzoshesha ukwedlula lawo alinganayo.
Ucwaningo lwe-VLA luka-HL Tau e-National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) lwenziwe ngokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe okuholwa nguCarlos Carrasco González wase-IRyA-UNAM kanye noThomas Henning ovela eMax Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), ne-UNAM (Mexico) , Izazi zezinkanyezi ezivela ku-MPIA (Germany), NRAO (USA) kanye ne-CSIC (Spain) zibambe iqhaza.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi amaplanethi akhiwa kanjani kanye nezici zawo.