Njengoba kushiwo izikhathi eziningi, Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuthinta wonke amagumbi omhlaba. Kwezinye izindawo, ngenxa yobubanzi babo noma izimo zabo, kunezindawo ezisengozini kakhulu emiphumeleni yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanti ezinye ziyamelana kakhulu.
Isifunda saseChile saseMagallanes nase-Antarctica, eningizimu impela yeMelika, inikeza izimo ezehlukile zokutadisha imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu yinto isayensi okufanele isizakale ngayo ukuthola imiphumela engcono nolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nezenzo nemiphumela engenzeka.
Indawo eseningizimu kakhulu yeplanethi
Kutholakala kumakhilomitha angama-3.000 eningizimu yeSantiago idolobha lasePunta Arenas. Kuyisizinda semishini yesayensi esebenza eMagellan nase-Antarctica. Yindawo eseningizimu kakhulu yeplanethi futhi ifinyelela ekuvuthweni okuhle ukuze ube yisayensi ye-subantarctic ne-Antarctic.
Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nocwaningo ngemvelo yasolwandle
Ukwenza lezi zifunda kube yisisekelo sesayensi nezobuchwepheshe somhlaba wonke kuphendula iqiniso lokuthi isimo samanje sokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu sinomthelela ezindaweni ze Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Okunamandla ku-High Latitude Marine Ecosystems (IDEAL).
Ukwenza izifundo kanye nokuhlaziya kulesi sifunda ngokombono wesayensi kuvumela ukuthola imininingwane eminingi ebalulekile ehlobene nazo zonke izinguquko ezenzekayo ngenxa yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Phakathi kwezifundo ezenziwe kulesi sifunda ukuthola ukuthi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyithinta kanjani imvelo yasolwandle. Ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa, ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-CO2 emkhathini, kubangela imithelela olwandle. Isibonelo, sithola amakhorali amakhorali, i-acidification yamanzi kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zezinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini enkulu ekuguqukeni kwemvelo.
Ngokuqondile, Izindawo ezisengcupheni kakhulu yilezo okumele zifundwe kabanzi, ngoba yizo ezinikeza imininingwane eminingi ngokuthi izinguquko zingazithinta kanjani izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala lapho. Ngenxa yempendulo enkulu ekuguqukeni kwemvelo, kungenziwa ezinye izivivinyo nokuhlola ukuthola ukuqonda okungcono ngemiphumela.
Izinhlelo zemvelo zasolwandle kumele zivikelwe
Ukuba nemiphumela emihle kusuka ekuhlolweni kulezi zindawo kuvumela iziphathimandla ukuthi zenze izinqumo ezithile ezingavikela imvelo yasolwandle. Uma sinolwazi oluncane noma oluncane ngemiphumela umthelela othile ongaba nayo ezinhlotsheni zezinto eziphilayo, singathatha izinyathelo zokuvikela lezo zinhlobo.
Isibonelo sakho konke lokhu yi ukuhlehla kwezinguzunga zeqhwa kwamanye ama-fjords endaweni. Lo mphumela wenza ukuthi amanzi ahlanzekile asendaweni encibilikisiwe angene endaweni yasolwandle futhi aguqule izakhiwo zamakhemikhali nezebhayoloji. Izinhlobo ezidinga ukuhlangana kasawoti othile ukuze ziphile, ngeke zikwazi ukumelana nalezi zinguquko futhi zizofa.
Njengoba kunzima ukubuyela emuva ezindabeni zokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, Okudingwa ukwenziwa ukuthola izixazululo ezinkingeni ezivelayo. Izixazululo ezisebenzayo ezisiza ukuguqulwa kwezindawo zasolwandle ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.
Imfundo yezemvelo njengethuluzi lesisombululo
Ukufundisa abancane ukuthatha umthwalo wemvelo kuyithuluzi lokukwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga zemvelo ezitholakala ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi, uma siqeqesha abantu abakwaziyo ukucwaninga, ukuhlaziya nokwenza izinqumo ezisekela ezemvelo, Sizokhuthaza ukuqwashisa umhlaba wonke ngenhlonipho ngemvelo. Konke lokhu kuzofaka isandla ngendlela enhle yokunciphisa imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Uma sifuna abantu abasha babambe iqhaza kwezesayensi, sidinga imfundo yezemvelo. Iqiniso lokuthi iChile inendawo eseningizimu efanelekile yezinhlelo ze-Antarctic kanye ne-subantarctic yocwaningo kungaholela ekuqhamukeni kwezinsizakusebenza ezivela kwamanye amazwe nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke, njengoba kwenzeka ngokubhekwa kwezinkanyezi enyakatho yezwe. Njengamanje, iHigh Latitude Marine Ecosystem Dynamic Research Center (IDEAL) ingenye yezinhlangano zesayensi ezisebenza kakhulu endaweni, neqembu labacwaningi abangama-25 eziqhamuka ezikhungweni ezehlukene.