Umthala yiqoqo elikhulu lezinkanyezi ezivame ukunqwabelana ngenxa yokukhangana kwamandla adonsela phansi ezikwenzayo komunye nomunye. Ngokuphathelene noMhlaba kanye nesimiso sonozungezilanga, sitholakala eduze ne-Milky Way, umthala ozungezayo ovamile endaweni yonke eyaziwayo. Njengoba sitholakala engxenyeni ekude ye-Milky Way, izigidi zeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka ku-nucleus, ukuphila eMhlabeni njengoba sazi ukuthi kungenzeka. Ezinkabeni zemithala, izinkanyezi zigxile kangangokuthi amandla adonsela phansi eziwenza komunye nomunye enza ukucindezela kube kukhulu kangangokuthi ukuba khona njengoba sazi ukuthi akunakwenzeka. Nokho, zikhona ezinye imithala eyinqaba nenelukuluku kakhulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngemithala eyinqaba nethakazelisa kakhulu endaweni yonke kanye nezici zayo.
Imithala eyinqaba kunazo zonke eMhlabeni
I-NGC 474
I-NGC 474 ingumthala otholakala kumlaza iPiscis Austrinus, ebangeni elicishe libe yizigidi ezingama-98 ukusuka eMhlabeni. Iwumthala oyi-elliptical, okusho ukuthi ukwakheka kwawo ikakhulukazi kuyi-spheroidal noma i-ellipsoidal kunokuba ibe nesakhiwo sediski njengemithala ezungezayo. I-ellipticity ye-NGC 474 ibonisa ukuthi okuqukethwe kwayo kwenkanyezi kusakazwa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, ngaphandle kwengalo ephinyisiwe noma isakhiwo sediski.
Mayelana nosayizi, I-NGC 474 inobubanzi obulinganiselwa ku-120,000 light-year. Ngaphezu kokuma kwawo okuyi-elliptical, umthala ubuye ubonise izici ezithakazelisayo esifundeni sawo esimaphakathi. Ukuqaphela okuningiliziwe kwembule ukuba khona kwento eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-radio ejection" emnyombeni wayo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi i-NGC 474 kungenzeka ihlangabezane nomsebenzi omkhulu wemigodi emnyama esikhathini esedlule, ikhipha izinto ngesivinini esiphezulu ngendlela yamajethi ezinhlayiya namandla.
Ngokuya ngenani lezinkanyezi zayo, i-NGC 474 isingatha ingxube ehlukahlukene yezinkanyezi zeminyaka eyahlukene kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Imithala eyi-Elliptical ivame ukuba nezinkanyezi ezindala, ngoba ukwakheka kwezinkanyezi kwehlile uma kuqhathaniswa nemithala ezungezayo esebenzayo. Nokho, kungenzeka futhi ukuthola amaqoqo ezinkanyezi amancane ezindaweni ezingaphandle zomthala.
I-NGC 474 iyingxenye yeqembu lemithala ebizwa ngokuthi i-NGC 470 Group, equkethe imithala eminingana eseduze ethintana ngokunamandla adonsela phansi. Lokhu kusebenzisana kungenzeka kube neqhaza ekwakhekeni kwamanje kwe-NGC 474 nezici zayo ezibonakalayo.
IT 415-19
I-ESO 415-19 ilinganiselwa ku-450 million light-years ukusuka eMhlabeni, futhi nakuba inokufana okuningi kwamanye amaplanethi, inezici ezithile ezihlukile kweminye imithala, njenge-Milky Way. I-ESO 415-19 iyingxenye "ye-special spiral galaxy" ngoba, nakuba ifana neminye imithala ephakathi nendawo, inezinkanyezi ezinde ezisuka emkhathini wawo, njengezingalo ezinde ngendlela exakile.
Ngokusho kwe-European Space Agency (ESA), lokho "kugeleza kwamagagasi", okubonakala njengensalela ye-galactic noma i-contrails, kubangelwa ukuxhumana okuthile ngengozi esikhathini esidlule somthala, okwenza i-ESO 415-19 ibonakale ngendlela engavamile.
Lesi sakhiwo senza lo mthala ube yimpokophelo ebalulekile ye-Hubble, njengoba ukuphawula kwawo kuyingxenye yomkhankaso oqhubekayo woku hlola eminye yemithala "eyinqaba nemangalisa kakhulu" endaweni yonke, njengengxenye yemishini ye-Apu Atlas. umthala ongaziwa. Ngosizo lwalolu hlelo, singathola amapheya, ama-triplets ngisho nama-quintets emithala exhumanayo evela emithaleni eqhelelene ngendlela eyinqaba.
Ikakhulukazi, le ngxenye yesibhakabhaka sasebusuku itholakala kumlaza i-Fornax, okuyindawo yokubuka inkundla ye-Hubble ejulile. Kwathatha cishe imizuzwana eyisigidi yesikhathi sesibonakude ukuthatha indawo, eyathwebula imithala ecishe ibe ngu-10,000 XNUMX enobudala obuhlukahlukene, ubukhulu, ukwakheka nemibala.
isigqoko somthala
I-Sombrero Galaxy, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-M104 noma i-NGC 4594, ingumthala ovunguzayo otholakala endaweni engaba yiminyaka engaba yizigidi ezingu-28 yokukhanya emlaza we-Virgo. Ingenye yemithala ephawuleka kakhulu futhi efundwe ngenxa yezimpawu zayo ezithile.
Igama layo livela ekumeni kwayo, okusikhumbuza isigqoko saseMexico esinompheme obanzi. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa inhlanganisela yesibani esimaphakathi esikhanyayo kanye nesakhiwo esisonge sangaphandle esiqukethe izingalo ezithandelayo ezivelele. Umthala unengxube yezinkanyezi ezincane nezindala ezingalweni zawo ezizungezayo, okuwunikeza ukubukeka kwawo okuhlukile nokumangalisayo.
Inomgodi omkhulu omnyama omkhulu phakathi nendawo.. Lo mgodi omnyama unesisindo esilinganiselwa izikhathi eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kunesisindo seLanga lethu futhi udlala indima ebalulekile ekuguquguqukeni komthala. Amandla adonsela phansi alo mgodi omnyama anesibopho sokubumba ukusatshalaliswa kwezinkanyezi negesi enkabeni yomthala.
Mayelana nokuqukethwe kwegesi nothuli, i-Sombrero Galaxy ibonisa inani elibalulekile lakho kokubili. Lokhu kuyisisekelo senqubo yokwakheka kwezinkanyezi emthaleni. Amagesi nothuli kusebenza njengezinto ezingavuthiwe zokwakhiwa kwezinkanyezi ezintsha njengoba ziwela ngaphansi kwamandla adonsela phansi azo zibe izindawo eziminyene ezaziwa ngokuthi izifunda ezenza izinkanyezi. Ukuba khona kwalezi zifunda ezenza izinkanyezi kumthala weSombrero kuyisici esibalulekile ekuziphendukeleni kwawo.
I-Porpoise Galaxy
I-Porpoise Galaxy ubhekwa njengomthala ozungezayo ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo esimise okwediski elinezingalo ezigobile. Ezingalweni zawo ezisathandeka, kuyabonakala umsebenzi omkhulu wokwenza izinkanyezi, okunomthelela ekukhanyeni okuphawulekayo komthala kumaza ahlukahlukene obubanzi obuzibuthe kagesi, kusukela ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo kuye kumaza omsakazo kanye nama-X ray.
Ihlanganisa indawo emaphakathi eminyene eyaziwa ngokuthi i-galactic core. Kulesi sifunda, kukholakala ukuthi kunembobo emnyama enkulukazi, ubukhulu bayo bukhulu kakhulu kunaleyo yezimbobo ezimnyama zezinkanyezi. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwalo mgodi omnyama kanye nendaba ezungezile kunemithelela ejulile ekuguquguqukeni nasekuguqukeni komthala uwonke.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda okwengeziwe ngemithala eyinqaba nethakazelisa kakhulu endaweni yonke.