Un ihlathi le-beech Kuyingcebo yemvelo eheha ngobuhle bayo kanye nemfihlakalo. Lawa mahlathi, ayingxenye yezifunda ezithile zomhlaba, ahlukaniswa ngokubuswa ukuba khona kwezihlahla ze-beech. Zibone ngeso lengqondo ungena endaweni lapho imisebe yelanga ihluza emaqabunga bese yenza ingxube yokukhanya nesithunzi phansi ehlathini.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izici zehlathi le-beech, ukubaluleka kwalo nokunye okuningi.
Izici eziyinhloko
I-beech, igama lesayensi elithi Fagus sylvatica, isihlahla esinamagatsha afinyelela ku-40 amamitha. Isiqu sawo siqondile futhi siwugqinsi, sinegxolo elibushelelezi, futhi livame ukuhlumela kude nomhlabathi. Uma ikude nezinye izihlahla, umqhele wayo uzobe uyindilinga, ngaphandle kwalokho uzoba mncane futhi ungajwayelekile, njengasemahlathini.
Amaqabunga alula, a-oval, futhi aluhlaza ngombala, kodwa ashintsha umbala ekwindla ngaphambi kokuwa. Ngaleso sikhathi sonyaka, ziyayeka ukudla bese ziqala zibephuzi bese ziba nsundu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi eduze kwesiqu se-beech, ezinye izinto zinzima ukukhula ngoba umqhele wawo uvimbela ukukhanya okwanele ukuba kufinyelele phansi.
Kuwuhlobo lwe-monoecious, okungukuthi, esibonelweni esifanayo kukhona izimbali zesilisa nezinsikazi. Amahlumela okuqala avela ngamaqembu angama-3-4 kuma-peduncle amafushane, aphuzi aphuzi.; wona okugcina wona nawo ahluma ngamaqembu, kodwa akhula ngama-peduncle amade alengela kancane.
Isithelo siyindingilizi, sinama-lobe amane, siveza imbewu engu-1-3, evame kakhulu 2, emise okwe-tetrahedron, edliwayo. Laba baziwa ngegama elithi beech. I-beech isihlahla sasendle esikhula ezindaweni zaseYurophu lapho isimo sezulu sipholile futhi inhlabathi ihlanzekile futhi ivundile. Singayithola eGreece, eSweden, eNorway, eJalimane (njengehlathi Elimnyama) ngisho naseSpain. Ezweni lethu, kufanelekile ukuphawula ihlathi lase-Irati eNavarra, elihlanganyela ngendawo yalo ne-Abies alba (fir).
Kuyisitshalo esingakubekezeleli ukushisa okukhulu noma isomiso. Ngenxa yalokho, singabona kuphela izibonelo ezinempilo nezinhle ngempela ezifundeni ezinamazinga okushisa ehlobo apholile kanye nezimvula eziningi.
ihlathi le-beech
La mahlathi e-beech atholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esishisayo eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, njengaseYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Okwenza amahlathi e-beech akhethekile ubuhle balezi zihlahla.
I-canopy yehlathi le-beech iminyene futhi inamaqabunga, ukudala isimo somlingo nesimnyama ngaphansi kwezibuko zabo. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, amaqabunga abonisa ingubo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, enikeza umthunzi nokupholisa uhlaza olumila ngaphansi kwawo. Ekwindla, la mahlathi aguqulwa abe isiphithiphithi semibala, njengoba amaqabunga ephenduka ama-hues afudumele futhi aqhakazile, asuka kokuphuzi okusagolide abebomvu ngokujulile.
Ukuhlukahluka kwebhayoloji emahlathini e-beech kukhulu. Ngaphezu kwama-beeches ngokwawo, Ungathola ezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla, njenge-oki, i-fir noma i-birch, ukudala inhlanganisela ecebile yezitshalo. Iphansi lehlathi liphinde libe nezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezinamakhambi, ubulembu, nolele, ezizuza emthunzini nasemswakeni onikezwa ama-beeches.
Lawa mahlathi ayikhaya lezilwane eziningi. Izinyoni ezifana ne-Great Spotted Woodpecker noma i-Great Tit zithola isiphephelo emigodini yezihlahla, kuyilapho izilwane ezincelisayo njengenyamazane, izingulube zasendle noma impungushe zihlola ukujiya kwayo zifuna ukudla nokuvikelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlathi e-beech nawo ibamba izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane nezinye izilwane ezingenamgogodla Badlala indima ebalulekile emijikelezweni yemvelo ye-ecosystem.
Ukubaluleka kokulondoloza amahlathi e-beech
Ngaphezu kobuhle bawo kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo, amahlathi e-beech adlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yeplanethi nasenhlalakahleni yabantu. Ukulondolozwa kwala mahlathi kubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu eziningana.
Okokuqala, amahlathi e-beech asebenza njengamasinki e-carbon, emunca isikhutha emkhathini phakathi nenqubo ye-photosynthesis. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokunciphisa ukugcwala kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini. Ngokulondoloza la mahlathi, sifaka isandla ekulweni nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nemithelela yako elimazayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlathi e-beech adlala indima ebalulekile ekongiweni komhlabathi nasekuvikelweni kwemithombo yamanzi. Izimpande zawo ezijulile zisiza ukusimamisa umhlabathi, ukuvimbela ukuguguleka nokulahlekelwa izakhi. Ziphinde zenze njengezipontshi zemvelo, zimunca amanzi futhi kancane kancane ziwakhulule, okuyinto isiza ukugcina amazinga amanzi emifuleni nasemifuleni, okuzuzisa kokubili izitshalo nezilwane zasemanzini kanye nemiphakathi yabantu encike kulezi zinsiza.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukubaluleka kwamasiko nezokungcebeleka okunikezwa amahlathi e-beech. Lawa mahlathi awumthombo wogqozi kubaculi, ababhali kanye nezimbongi, ezithola umthombo wokusungula endaweni yazo engaqondakali nobuhle bemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyizindawo ezidumile zemisebenzi yangaphandle njengokuqwala izintaba, ukugibela izintaba, nokubuka izinyoni, ukunikeza abantu ithuba lokuxhumana nemvelo futhi ujabulele izinzuzo zayo zempilo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo.
Ekugcineni, amahlathi e-beech ayikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezitshalo nezilwane, eziningi zazo ezihlala zikhona futhi zisengozini yokushabalala. Ngokulondoloza la mahlathi, sivikela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi siqinisekisa ukusinda kwezinhlobo eziyingqayizivele nezibuthakathaka.
izihlahla ze-beech e-spain
E-Spain, lawa mahlathi e-beech amelela amagugu emvelo eqiniso futhi asephenduke izindawo ezidumile kubo bobabili abathandi bemvelo nabalandeli bezithombe nokuhamba ngezinyawo.
Elinye lamahlathi e-beech aziwa kakhulu futhi ayizimpawu eSpain yi Ihlathi le-Montejo beech, etholakala eSierra de Guadarrama, eMphakathini waseMadrid. Leli hlathi le-beech, elimenyezelwe i-Biosphere Reserve yi-UNESCO, libonakala ngezihlahla zalo ze-beech ezineminyaka eyikhulu ubudala, amaqabunga azo aphenduka umbala osagolide oqinile ekwindla.
Elinye ihlathi le-beech elivelele e-Ordesa Valley, e-Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park, esifundazweni saseHuesca, e-Aragon. Leli hlathi le-beech, elaziwa ngokuthi i-Hayedo de la Garganta de Escuaín, lisesigodini esihle kakhulu futhi lineqembu lezihlahla ze-beech ezinhle eziphakama eduze kwezindonga ze-limestone.
Ezintabeni zaseCantabrian, esifundazweni saseLeón, yilona Ihlathi laseLa Pedrosa beech, ipharadesi langempela labathandi bamahlathi e-beech. Leli hlathi le-beech libonakala ngezihlahla zalo ezinde, eziqondile, ezinobuningi bamagatsha adala i-canopy enamaqabunga.
Esifundazweni sase-Álava, e-Basque Country, itholakala futhil Ihlathi le-beech le-Otzarreta, ingxenye yeGorbeia Natural Park. Leli hlathi le-beech laziwa ngobuhle balo obuzolile kanye nokuhlukahluka kwebhayoloji.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nehlathi le-beech nezici zalo.