Iplanethi iVenus inesimo sezulu esiye sahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yobudlelwano obuphakathi komsebenzi wayo wangaphakathi we-tectonic nezinguquko zomkhathi. Kuseduze neLanga kuneplanethi yethu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amazinga abo okushisa abe phezulu kakhulu kunalawo womhlaba.
Umhlaba kanye neVenus kwakucishe kube ngosayizi nokwakheka okufanayoKodwa-ke, izindlela zabo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo zaziqondiswe ngendlela ehlukile zaze zaba amaplanethi amabili ahluke ngokuphelele. Ngabe kube nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu eplanethi iVenus?
UVenus, isihogo somhlaba
Izinga lokushisa ebusweni beplanethi iVenus Cishe kube ngu-460 ° C uma kuqhathaniswa no-15-17 ° C wethu ngokwesilinganiso eMhlabeni. Lokhu kushisa kuphakeme kangangokuba kwenza amadwala acwebezele emehlweni omuntu obabukayo. Iplanethi ibuswa ngumphumela wokushisa okwedlulele, okugcinwa ngumoya onengxenye eyinhloko yi-carbon dioxide. Awekho futhi amanzi awuketshezi emhlabeni, kusobala ukuthi angahwamuka njengoba iphuzu lamanzi abilayo lingu-100 ° C.
Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, izimo zeplanethi zakha ingcindezi yasemkhathini okucishe kuphindwe kabili kokwethu. Esikhundleni sokwakhiwa ngumhwamuko wamanzi, amafu alo akhiwa i-sulfuric acid.
Kuze kube muva nje, bekungekho lwazi oluncane ngokuvela kweplanethi iVenus ngoba amafu ayo e-sulfuric acid ayengasivumeli ukuthi sibone izinqubo zomhlaba, ezinjenge-volcanism noma i-tectonics. Kodwa-ke, kule minyaka engama-56 edlule, sibonga ama-space probe angama-22 abathathe izithombe, bahlola, bahlaziya futhi banyathela iVenus, singafunda kabanzi ngayo.
Izithombe zamaphenyo ziveza ukuthi iVenus yiplanethi eye yabhekana nayo ukuqhuma okukhulu kwentaba-mlilo nokuthi, cishe, kusasebenza. Lokhu okutholakele kusikisela ukuthi isimo sezulu somhlaba sihlukile kangakanani, ngoba singazibuza ukuthi kungani, uma amandla afanayo afaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwawo womabili amaplanethi, kube nemiphumela ehluke ngokuphelele eMhlabeni nokuziphendukela kwemvelo okungafanele ngokuphelele. okunye.
Ososayensi babheka lokhu kuziphendukela okuhluke kakhulu esimweni esinelungelo esinalo esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga kanye nesimo sethu maqondana neLanga. Yini esingayithola ngokwazi ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu samanye amaplanethi uma singahlali kuwo? Impendulo ilula, ngomthamo okhulayo wemfucuza, umphakathi wezimboni kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini esiguqula isimo sezulu sethu. Uma sikwazi ukubona ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezinquma ukuvela kwesimo sezulu kwamanye amaplanethi, singakwazi ukuqonda izindlela zemvelo neze-anthropogenic eziguqula isimo sezulu sethu.
Isimo sezulu kanye nokwakheka kweVenus vs Earth
Enye yezimbangela zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu seMhlaba ilele esimweni somkhathi wayo, umkhiqizo wokushintshana okuqhubekayo kwamagesi phakathi koqweqwe, ingubo, ulwandle, izigqoko zepolar nendawo engaphandle. Injini yezinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba, amandla e-geothermal nawo aqhuba ukuvela komkhathi. Amandla we-geothermal akhishwa ikakhulu ngokubola kwezakhi ezinemisebe ngaphakathi. Kepha akulula kangako ukuchaza ukulahleka kokushisa emaplanethi aqinile. Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ezithintekayo yilezi: izintaba-mlilo nama-plate tectonics.
Ngokuqondene noMhlaba, ingaphakathi lawo linohlelo lwebhande lokuhambisa elihlotshaniswa nama-plate tectonics. Ukuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo kwamagesi kusebenze amandla okusimamisa isimo sezulu eMhlabeni. Izintaba-mlilo zidonsa amagesi emkhathini; ukuncishiswa kwamapuleti e-lithospheric kuyibuyisela ngaphakathi. Ngenkathi izintaba-mlilo eziningi zihlotshaniswa nemisebenzi yamacwecwe ama-tectonic plate, kunezakhiwo ze-volcanic eziphawuleka (ezinjengokwakhiwa kweziQhingi zaseHawaii) ezenze "izindawo ezishisayo" ezimele emigqeni yamapuleti.
Ama-crater nama-plate tectonics
Kwenzekani kuVenus? Ama-Plate tectonics, uma ehilelekile, azoba ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe; Okungenani esikhathini esedlule nje, ukushisa kwashintshaniswa ukuqhuma kwamathafa amakhulu ase-basaltic futhi kamuva izintaba-mlilo ezakhiwa ngaphezu kwazo. Ukuqonda imiphumela yezintaba-mlilo kuyakha Indawo yokuqala ephoqelekile yanoma iyiphi indlela yesimo sezulu seplanethi.
Ukushoda kwemingcele yomthelela kuVenus, yize umkhathi wayo wenele ukuvikela iplanethi ezintweni zezigameko ezincane, imingcele emikhulu ilahlekile. Lokhu kuzwakala nasemhlabeni. Isenzo somoya namanzi sinqume ukuqeda imingxuma yasendulo. Kodwa ubuso beVenus bubhalisa ukushisa okunjalo okuvimbela ukuba khona kwamanzi oketshezi; futhi, imimoya engaphezulu ilula impela. Ngaphandle kokuqubuka izinqubo eziguqukayo futhi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Izimbobo zomthelela zizosuswa yimisebenzi ye-volcanic kanye ne-tectonic.
Iningi lemigodi eseVenus ivela muva nje. Yashonaphi imigodi yasendulo, uma iningi laleyo esele ingazange iphazanyiswe? Uma zimbozwe udaka, kungani kungabonakali imingxuma embozwe ngokwengxenye, inyamalale kanjani ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngokungahleliwe lapho ibibekwe khona ekuqaleni?
Umbono owamukelwa kakhulu ngumphakathi wesayensi uthi ukuthi intaba-mlilo esakazekile yasula imingcele eminingi yomthelela futhi yakha amathafa amakhulu wentaba-mlilo eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-800 edlule, okwalandelwa yizinga elilinganiselwe lomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo ongapheli kuze kube namuhla.
Amafomu wamanzi ebusweni beVenus
Okokuqala, sihlukanisa phakathi, izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene zokufuna ukwazi ezikhumbuza inhlabathi elinywe ngamanzi. Bayisithombe esiphilayo semifula yethu namathafa ezikhukhula. Eziningi zalezi zakhiwo zigcina eziteshini zokukhishwa njenge-delta. Ukoma okwedlulele kwemvelo kwenza amanzi angabi namathuba okumba lezi zingozi.
Kungani kunjalo? Kungenzeka, i-calcium carbonate ne-calcium sulfate namanye usawoti yizona ezibangela lokhu. Izindwangu ezigcotshwe ngosawoti ziyancibilika emazingeni okushisa amashumi ambalwa kuya kumakhulu ambalwa wamazinga aphakeme kunamazinga okushisa akhona manje eVenus. Esikhathini esedlule, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme ngaphezudlwana belingahle lichithe udaka lwamanzi olunosawoti ngaphezulu, ukuzinza kwalo obekungachaza isenzo sokwakheka kwezingozi esizibonayo namuhla.
Ubufakazi bokushintsha kwesimo sezulu seVenus
Umphumela wokushisa nokushisa kwegesi
Kumele sikhumbule ukuthi amagesi abamba ukushisa avumela ukukhanya kwelanga ukuthi kufinyelele ebusweni beVenus, kodwa kuvimbela imisebe ye-infrared. I-Carbon dioxide, amanzi, ne-sulfur dioxide ngakunye kumunca ibhande elithile le-wavelength ye-spectrum kagesi. Ukube bekungekho lawo magesi, imisebe yelanga neye-infrared ibingalinganisela ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezulu kwamadigri angama-20.
Amanzi nesulfure dioxide izintaba-mlilo ezikhiphela emkhathini ziyasuswa. I-Sulphur dioxide iphendula kahle ngama-carbonates ebusweni, kuyilapho imisebe yelanga ye-ultraviolet ihlukanisa amanzi.
Ikhava lamafu kanye nokushisa
Amafu e-sulfuric acid ayahluka ngobukhulu ngemuva kochungechunge lomhlaba wonke lokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Okokuqala, amafu ayajiya njengoba amanzi ne-sulfuric acid ephonswa emoyeni. Ngemuva kwalokho ziyalahleka njengoba ukuhlushwa kwala magesi kuncipha. Sekudlulile cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-400 kusukela ekuqaleni kwentaba-mlilo, amafu e-asidi athathelwa indawo amafu amade, amancane amanzi.
Ukuhluka kwesimo sezulu kuVenus
Ukuqhekeka nezibaya kwenza imisele iplanethi. Okunye kwalokhu kulungiselelwa, okungenani imiphetho eshwabene, kungahle kuhlobene nokuhluka kwesikhashana kwesimo sezulu. Umbono ukhombisa ukuthi izimo zemvelo eziyinqaba nezenzondo zigcinwa ngenxa yezici ezihambisanayo zezinto ezisemkhathini. Umhwamuko wamanzi, Imunca imisebe ye-infrared kuma-wavelengths engayitholi i-carbon dioxide.
Ngasikhathi sinye, i-sulfur dioxide namanye amagesi avimba ubude bamaza. Ahlanganisiwe, la magesi abamba ukushisa enza umoya weVenus ubonakale kancane ngokwenzeka emisebeni yelanga, kepha ucishe ube opaque ngokuphelele ekukhishweni kwemisebe ye-infrared. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokushisa komhlaba liphindwe kathathu kunalelo leplanethi ngaphandle komkhathi. Ngokuqhathanisa, umthelela wokushisa komhlaba eMhlabeni namhlanje uphakamisa izinga lokushisa lomhlaba 15% kuphela. Ukube bekuyiqiniso ukuthi izintaba-mlilo zawela ubuso beVenus eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-800 edlule, Kumele futhi ukuthi balahle inani elikhulu lamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini ngesikhathi esifushane.
Kwenziwe imodeli yesimo sezulu seplanethi okubandakanya ukukhishwa kwamagesi yizintaba-mlilo, ukwakheka kwamafu, ukulahleka kwe-hydrogen ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zomkhathi, nokusabela kwamagesi asemkhathini anezimbiwa phansi. Phakathi kwalezi zinqubo kuvela ukuxhumana okucashile okupholisa iplanethi. Ubhekene nemiphumela enjalo ephikisanayo Akunakunqunywa ukuthi ukujova kwamagesi amabili kwakusho ukuthini ngesimo sezulu seVenus emhlabeni jikelele.
Kungakho, njengesiphetho, singasho ukuthi kube nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu eVenus, kepha asazi ukuthi amagesi angasebenza kangakanani kuzinguquko zawo.