Uzwile ibinzana elithi "iqiniso liyisihambi kunezindaba eziqanjiwe" izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho inani elikhulu lezikole zezinhlanzi lihambela enyakatho yePacific Ocean futhi izinkulungwane zezimpawu zisala zibulawa yindlala ogwini lwaseCalifornia. I-panorama ebangelwa ukuguqulwa kwamazinga okushisa kwamanzi olwandle kwenzeka ngo-2016. Lesi simo sabizwa ngegama elithi "La mancha", kusuka esiNgisini Ibhulogi.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yini i-blob nokuthi iyithinta kanjani imvelo ezungezile. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngakho, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho.
Yini i-blob
Sikhuluma ngokungahambi kahle kwamazinga okushisa kwamanzi olwandle endaweni eseNyakatho Pacific. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwamazinga okushisa kube namaqembu amaningi esayensi abecwaninga ukuthi kungani amanzi evutha ama-4 degrees Celsius ngaphezu kokujwayelekile ezingqimbeni ezikha phezulu. Lokhu kungalingani kwamazinga okushisa kusuka eMexico kuya e-Alaska futhi ibinomucu ongamakhilomitha ayi-1600 ububanzi.
Ososayensi abafunde lokhu kudideka babeyiqembu labacwaningi eliholwa ngochwepheshe base-University of Washington. Ama-athikili amaningana ashicilelwe kumagazini wesayensi Izincwadi Zokucwaninga Zezepolitiki echaza izimbangela ezingaba khona zeLa Mancha. Bavele baqala ukuqaphela ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa ngesikhathi sokuwa sika-2013 nasekuqaleni kuka-2014. Lo mzimba wamanzi awupholisi phansi njengokujwayelekile, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo yalowo nyaka wawusufudumele kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili.
Igama elithi The blob laqanjwa ngoba lalinesimo esiyindilinga esikhombisa izindawo lapho amazinga okushisa akhuphuke ngokungajwayelekile. Leli qiniso lenze abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi kwakuwuhlobo oluthile lwesexwayiso sokuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kubangela lokhu kwanda okungavamile emazingeni okushisa kwamanzi ePacific nokuthi kungathinta isimo sezulu engxenyeni enkulu yeNyakatho Melika.
Umthelela we-Blob ku-ecosystems yasolwandle
Njengoba sazi, imvelo yemvelo, kungaba olwandle noma yasemhlabeni, inokulinganisela kwemvelo. Leli bhalansi lihlala liqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi liwuhlobo lokuzwana phakathi kwawo wonke amanani wokuguquguqukayo okuthonya imvelo. Ukuhluka okufana izinga lokushisa, umbuso womoya, izinga lemvula, ubukhona bezimila nezilwane, inhlabathi pH, izakhamzimba, njll.
Kulokhu, sikhuluma ngomphumela kuyo yonke imvelo ngemuva kokushintsha okungazelelwe kwelinye lamavelu okuhlukahluka okubaluleke kakhulu okuthonya isimo semvelo: izinga lokushisa. Singabona ukuthi esimisweni semvelo sasolwandle, izinga lokushisa lingenye yezinto eziguquguqukayo ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuze kwenziwe umkhawulo lapho kungaphila khona izinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo.
Uma amanani wamazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo lapho izidalwa eziphilayo ezijwayele ukujwayela khona aguqulwa ngu ububanzi be-4 degrees centigrade kusuka kokujwayelekile, Into yokuqala onayo yimithelela emibi engemihle. Amanzi ashisayo abe nomthelela omkhulu emvelweni, enza inkinga enkulu ochungechungeni lokudla izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezincike kuzo. Uma izinhlobo ezisengozini kakhulu ekuqalekeni kuyisiqalo sokudla, i-ecosystem izothinteka kakhulu yilolu shintsho kunani lamazinga okushisa.
Izifundo
Izifundo ezashicilelwa zahlobanisa indawo yamanzi ashisayo nezinguquko kwizimo zezulu zengcindezi enkulu ebusika obushubile bonyaka ka-2013-2014. Lezi zimo zesimo sezulu zibe nezinguquko ngenxa ye-Pacific Oscillation kanye ne-El Niño. Ochwepheshe bazamile ukwethula imibono eyehlukene ngezinqubo ezenzeka ngaleso sikhathi kepha abakwazanga ukuthola iziphetho mayelana nobubanzi noma ubudlelwane obabunabo nezinye izinqubo ezibandakanyeka ekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu.
Bekucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zinguquko ezinyangeni ezisanda kudalwa zibangelwe yimiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, ngoba konke lokhu kwenzeka ukuze izinguquko ezahlukahlukene, njengalezo eziye zabonakala emazingeni okushisa akhuphukayo, ziyovama kakhulu njengoba iminyaka ihamba.
Ibhulogi iyavela futhi
Ngenkathi kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu ngeke kuphinde kwenzeke, ngoSepthemba 21, 2019, amanye amagagasi okushisa asolwandle atholakele akhiqizwe ngokwanda kokushisa kwamanzi okuphezulu nokuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni ethile. Ukuze lokhu kukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa kube nomthelela, kufanele kuhlale okungenani isikhathi esiyizinsuku ezinhlanu.
Lapho ungabaza ukuthi lezi zinto zenzeka kaningi ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kwenziwe ucwaningo futhi kwashicilelwa udaba kumagazini Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu lokho ithi lezi zenzakalo zinde ngo-17% phakathi kuka-1987 no-2016. Lolu cwaningo olusha luxhumanise ukubonakala kwamaza okushisa olwandle nemiphumela elimazayo ezintweni eziphilayo. Njengoba izilwandle zifudumala ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yokwanda kwamazinga okushisa omhlaba, la magagasi okushisa olwandle akhula njalo futhi ahlala isikhathi eside.
Imiphumela
Uma lokhu kuqhubeka, imiphumela kuzinhlelo zemvelo iyoba nkulu kakhulu. Umcimbi wakamuva weBlob ubhebhethekisa kakhulu impilo yasolwandle emanzini asempumalanga ePacific, ikakhulukazi amapeni esaziyo ukuthi asengozini enkulu ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudale izinhlekelele zezomnotho kuwo wonke umkhakha wokudoba njengoba ukuncipha kwezinhlanzi kunciphile.
Isibonelo, izilwane ezithinteka kakhulu ngamazinga okushisa akhulayo yilezo ezingakwazi ukungena emanzini abandayo futhi izimpilo zazo zisengozini enkulu. Manje ososayensi balinde ukuqhuma kwesikhukhula esisha sokushisa kolwandle, ukuqopha esinye isiqeshana esisha oLwandlekazi iPacific. Amabala amakhulu aqoshwe inamazinga okushisa angaphezu kwamazinga ama-3 ngaphezu kwamanani aphakathi nendawo.
Sethemba ukuthi lokhu okungahambi kahle kuyayeka ukuba nemithelela empilweni yasolwandle. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-Blob.