Siyazi ukuthi isimiso sonozungezilanga asipheli ngokuqondile lapho sesidlulile umjikelezo weplanethi iPluto. Lesi simiso sonozungezilanga sidlulela kancane yi- ibhande le-kuper. Ukuze sifike lapho, kufanele sihambe siye ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu ngale kweNeptune nePluto. Njengamanje, into ekude kakhulu ezuzwe umkhumbi-mkhathi kube yi-Arrokoth (2014 MU69). Endaweni lapho ihlolwe khona, kunendawo yesimiso sonozungezilanga esibanda kakhulu futhi esimnyama futhi esibizwa ngokuthi i-Kuiper belt. Ukubaluleka kwayo kuyiqiniso lokuthi iqukethe izihluthulelo zokuqonda ukuthi i-solar system yakhiwa kanjani.
Ngakho-ke, sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nebhande le-Kuiper, izici zalo kanye nemvelaphi.
Liyini ibhande le-Kuiper
Ibhande le-Kuiper liyindawo emise okwe-donut (ebizwa nge-Tor in geometry) equkethe izigidi zezinto ezincane eziqinile eziqandisiwe. Lezi zinto zihlangene zibizwa ngokuthi yi-Kuiper belt objects.
Lena indawo egcwele izigidi zezinkanyezi ezingase zenze amaplanethi, nokho amandla adonsela phansi eNeptune abangele ukuhlanekezela kulesi sikhala, ukuvimbela lezi zindikimba zasezulwini ezincane ekuhlanganeni ukuze zakhe iplanethi enkulu. Ngalo mqondo, ibhande le-Kuiper linokufana okuthile nama-asteroids ayinhloko azungeza i-Jupiter ohlelweni lwelanga.
Phakathi kwezinto ezisemkhathini ezitholwe ebhandeni iKuiper, edume kakhulu yiplanethi encane iPluto. Yindikimba yasezulwini enkulu kunazo zonke eKuiper Belt, nakuba iplanethi entsha encane (Eris) enobukhulu obufanayo isanda kutholwa eKuiper Belt.
Kuze kube namuhla, i-Kuiper Belt Iwumngcele weqiniso wendawo, owaziwa kancane futhi ohlolwayo. Nakuba i-Pluto yatholakala ngo-1930 futhi kwabikezelwa ukuthi ibhande lezinto ezineqhwa liyoba khona ngaphandle kwe-Neptune, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-asteroid yokuqala kule ndawo yesimiso sonozungezilanga yatholwa ngo-1992. Ucwaningo nolwazi lwe-Kuiper Belt lubalulekile. ukuqonda umsuka nokwakheka kwesimiso sonozungezilanga.
Umthethosisekelo we-Kuiper Belt
Njengamanje, zifakwe kukhathalogi izindikimba zasezulwini ezingaphezu kuka-2.000 eKuiper Belt, kodwa zimelela ingxenye encane kuphela yenani eliphelele lezinto ezisemkhathini kule ndawo yesimiso sonozungezilanga.
Izakhi zebhande le-Kuiper yizinkanyezi ezinomsila nama-asteroids. Nakuba afana, ama-comet nama-asteroids anokwakheka okuhlukile. Izinkanyezi ezinomsila ziyindikimba yasemkhathini eyakhiwe ngothuli, amatshe, neqhwa (igesi eqandisiwe), kuyilapho ama-asteroids enziwe ngamatshe nezinsimbi. Lezi zindikimba zasezulwini ziyizinsalela zokwakheka kwesimiso sonozungezilanga.
Izinto eziningi ezakha i-Kuiper Belt zinamasathelayithi azizungezayo, noma ziyizinto kanambambili ezakhiwe ngezinto ezimbili ezinobukhulu obufanayo, futhi zizungeza iphuzu (isikhungo esivamile sobunzima). Pluto, Eris, Haumea futhi Quaoar ezinye zezinto ezinenyanga eKuiper Belt.
Njengamanje, isisindo esiphelele sezindikimba zasezulwini ezakha i-Kuiper Belt yi-10% kuphela yesisindo soMhlaba. Kodwa-ke, indaba yokuqala ye-Kuiper Belt kukholakala ukuthi iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-7 kuya kweziyi-10 ubukhulu bomhlaba, kanye nezinto yakha amaplanethi amakhulu ama-4 (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus kanye Neptune).
Izimbangela zokuncipha kokulahlekelwa okukhulu
Izinto ezitholakala ebhandeni le-Kuiper zibizwa nge-KBO's. Ukulahleka kwenqwaba kuleli bhande lasezulwini elineqhwa kungenxa yokuguguleka nokucekelwa phansi kwebhande leKuiper. Izinkanyezi ezinomsila ezincane nama-asteroids azihlanganisayo zishayisana futhi zihlukana zibe ama-KBO amancane kanye nothuli, apheshulwa ngaphandle noma kusistimu yelanga ngumoya welanga.
Njengoba ibhande le-Kuiper liguguleka kancane, le ndawo yesimiso sonozungezilanga ibhekwa njengenye yemvelaphi yenkanyezi enomsila. Esinye isifunda semvelaphi yezinkanyezi ezinomsila yifu le-Oort.
Izinkanyezi ezinomsila ezidabuka ebhandeni i-Kuiper zikhiqizwa lapho udoti owakheka ngemva kokushayisana kwe-KBO ludonselwa esimiso sonozungezilanga amandla adonsela phansi eNeptune. Izinkanyezi ezinomsila ezidabuka ebhandeni i-Kuiper zikhiqizwa lapho udoti owakheka ngemva kokushayisana kwe-KBO ludonselwa esimiso sonozungezilanga amandla adonsela phansi eNeptune. Phakathi nohambo oluya elangeni, lezi zingcezu ezincane zavaleleka emzileni omncane ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi e-Jupiter, okuthi ayizange ihlale iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Zibizwa ngokuthi izinkanyezi ezinomsila noma izinkanyezi ezinomsila zomndeni wakwaJupiter.
Itholakala kuphi?
Njengoba sesishilo kakade, i-Kuiper Belt itholakala endaweni engaphandle yesimiso sonozungezilanga, okuwumjikelezo wePluto. Ingesinye sezifunda ezinkulu esimiso sonozungezilanga. Umphetho oseduze weKuiper Belt usemzileni weNeptune, cishe ngama-30 AU. (I-AU iyiyunithi yezinkanyezi yebanga, elilingana namakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyi-150, okuyibanga elicishe libe phakathi koMhlaba neLanga), kanti i-Kuiper Belt ingama-50 AU ukusuka elangeni.
Idlula kancane i-Kuiper Belt futhi inwebe indawo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Scattering Disk, enwebeka ebangeni elingu-1000 AU ukusuka elangeni. Ibhande le-Kuiper akufanele lididaniswe nefu le-Oort. Ifu le-Oort litholakala engxenyeni ekude kakhulu yesimiso sonozungezilanga, endaweni ekude kakhulu, elinganiselwa phakathi kuka-2000 no-5000 AU ukusuka elangeni.
Iphinde yakhiwe ngezinto eziqandisiwe njengebhande le-Kuiper, elimise okwendilinga. Kufana negobolondo elikhulu, eliqukethe ilanga nawo wonke amaplanethi nezindikimba zasemkhathini ezakha isimiso sonozungezilanga, kuhlanganise nebhande leKuiper. Nakuba sekubikezelwe ukuba khona kwayo, akuzange kubonwe ngokuqondile.
Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi umemezele ukuthi liyini ibhande le-Kuiper, umehluko ngefu le-Oort futhi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nendawo yonke.