I-Las I-Voyager iyaphenya ziyingqopha-mlando ephawulekayo ekuhloleni umkhathi futhi zimelela omunye wemisebenzi emikhulu yesintu yesayensi. Le mikhumbi-mkhathi, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Voyager 1 ne-Voyager 2, yethulwa yi-NASA ngo-1977 ngenhloso yokucwaninga ngamaplanethi angaphandle esimiso sethu sonozungezilanga.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela mayelana nezici, ukubaluleka kanye nemisebenzi ye-Voyager probes.
I-Voyager iyaphenya
Yethulwe esikhungweni se-NASA sikaKennedy Space eCape Canaveral, eFlorida, i-Voyager 1 iwuphenyo lwasemkhathini olunganamuntu olwasuka emsebenzini walo ngoSepthemba 5, 1977 ngerokhethi ye-Titan IIIE. Isaqhubeka nokusebenza futhi okwamanje isendleleni eya emaphethelweni angaphandle esimiso sonozungezilanga. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko ukuhlola nokuphenya lezi zindawo ezingakahlolwa ze-cosmos.
Umgomo oyinhloko wohambo lokuqala lwe-Voyager 1 kwakuwukuhlola i-Jupiter ne-Saturn, ukusizakala ngendawo ezikuyo nokusebenzisa inoveli indlela yokukhulisa amandla adonsela phansi. Le ndlela ivumele umkhankaso ukuthi uphenye amaplanethi amaningi, okuholela ezindleko ezinkulu nokongiwa kwesikhathi kwephrojekthi.
IVoyager 1, nakuba yethulwe ngemuva kwewele layo, iVoyager 2, yayine-trajectory yemishini enesivinini esiphezulu, okwamvumela ukuthi afinyelele ku-Jupiter ngaphambili. Izithombe zayo zokuqala zeJupiter zathathwa ngoJanuwari 1979, futhi indlela yayo eseduze yafinyelelwa ngoMashi 5, 1979, lapho iqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-278 kuphela. Phakathi nomsebenzi wayo wokuya ku-Jupiter, ithwebule ingqikithi yezithombe eziyi-000 esikhathini esiphela ngo-Ephreli.
Imiphumela ye-Voyager probe
Ngenxa yokusondela komkhumbi-mkhathi enyangeni, i-Jupiter yakwazi ukubona ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo okokuqala ngqa ngaphandle kweplanethi yethu. Lokhu kutholwa kwenziwa ngemva kokuhlaziya isithombe ukuthi kwathathwa amahora ambalwa ngemva kohambo lwendiza, okwakungenzeki ngaphambili kuPioneer 10 no-11. Okuningi okubonwayo kwendima kazibuthe ye-Jupiter, izinyanga, izimo zemisebe, namasongo kuthathwe phakathi nohlaka lwesikhathi lwamahora angu-48 ngenxa yokulungiswa okuphezulu okufinyelelekayo kulokhu kugxiliswa okuseduze.
Ngemva kokuqhutshwa ukukhangwa kwamandla adonsela phansi kweJupiter, ngoNovemba 12, 1980, yafinyelela ngempumelelo kuSaturn, isondela kumakhilomitha ayi-124 ukusuka emhlabeni. Phakathi nohambo lwakhe, waqoqa idatha ebalulekile umkhathi weSaturn kanye nenyanga yayo enkulu kunazo zonke, i-Titan, ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-6.500 kuphela ukusuka kweyakamuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waphinde wathola izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kwesimiso sendandatho yeplanethi.
Ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuba khona komkhathi ku-Titan, ithimba eliphethe i-Voyager 1 mission lenze isinqumo sokuphambukisa indlela yalo libheke kule sathelayithi. Lokhu kwakusho ukuphuthelwa yizigaba ezilandelayo zemishini eya e-Uranus ne-Neptune, esikhundleni salokho ezahlolwa yi-Voyager 2. I-flyby yesibili ye-Titan yaphumela ekwenyukeni kwamandla adonsela phansi e-probe, okubangele ukuba ikhukhulwe iphume endizeni ye-ecliptic futhi yaphela. . umsebenzi wakhe weplanethi.
Izici zombili
Ngejubane elingu-17 km ngomzuzwana, iVoyager 1 ngokungangabazeki iyinto ekude kakhulu eyenziwe umuntu ukusuka eMhlabeni, futhi kusukela ngo-Agasti 17, 2010, yaqoshwa ukuthi iqhele ngamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyi-17,1 ukusuka elangeni.
Njengomlingani wayo, I-Voyager 2, iVoyager 1 icishe ibe ngamamitha angu-3,35 ubude. Izingxenye zayo eziningi ze-elekthronikhi zifakwe ngaphakathi emkhathini. Itholakala phezulu komzimba omaphakathi womkhumbi i-Cassegrain reflector engamamitha angu-3,7, esebenza njenge-antenna yokuzuza okuphezulu. Ukwengeza, amapulatifomu amane asuka ezinhlangothini zomkhumbi-mkhathi.
Umkhumbi-mkhathi i-Voyager 1, ohamba ibanga elide ukusuka eLangeni, uthembele kumajeneretha amathathu e-radioisotope thermoelectric (RTGs) ngamandla awo. Lawa majeneretha aguqula ukushisa kusukela ekuhlakazweni kwe-plutonium kube ugesi, okwazi ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi afinyelela ku-475 W. Ngokungafani namanye ama-interplanetary probes asebenzisa amaphaneli elanga, I-Voyager 1 inikwa amandla yilawa majeneretha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iVoyager 2 igqama ngokuqina kwayo. Yize sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane isebenza, lolu phenyo lusaqhubeka nokuthumela imininingwane ebalulekile evela emaphethelweni esistimu yethu sonozungezilanga. Amandla ayo kanye nekhono layo lokumelana nezimo ezinzima zendawo ejulile kuwubufakazi bobunjiniyela bezinga eliphezulu nokunakekela okucophelela okwangena ekuyiklameni.
Ifakwe amathuluzi esayensi asezingeni eliphezulu anhlobonhlobo, I-Voyager 2 inikeze ulwazi olungakaze lubonwe mayelana namaplanethi amakhulu esistimu sonozungezilanga engaphandle. Ebhodini kukhona "irekhodi legolide" elaziwa ngokuthi "Irekhodi Lomsindo Womhlaba". Leli cwecwe liqukethe ukukhethwa kwemisindo nomculo ovela emhlabeni wethu, kanye nemifanekiso nemiyalezo ngezilimi ezihlukahlukene, okuhloswe ngayo ukuxhumana ngezinhlobonhlobo nempilo yasemhlabeni kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlakaniphile uphenyo olungase luhlangane nalo ohambweni lwalo olude lokunqamula eMhlabeni.
Ngokwejubane, idlula iVoyager 1. Njengoba ihlehla eMhlabeni, ukwazile ukunqoba imikhawulo yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga futhi wangena emkhathini wezinkanyezi, waba umkhumbi-mkhathi wesibili kuphela ukwenza lokho ngemva kwewele lawo, i-Voyager 1. Lesi senzo esimangalisayo siye savumela ososayensi ukuba bahlole izimo emaphethelweni omakhelwane bethu bezinkanyezi futhi bathole ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana ne-heliopause, isifunda lapho kuhlangana khona umoya welanga. okuphakathi.
Inhloso eyeluliwe
Ngo-Ephreli 8, 2011, IVoyager 1 yayihambe ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-17.490 ukusuka eLangeni, ukufinyelela endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Heliopause. Lona umngcele lapho amandla eLanga eqala khona ukuncipha futhi isikhala esiphakathi kwezinkanyezi ngaphesheya siqala ukubamba. Kule ndawo ewudedangendlale, imiphumela yemisebe evela ezindaweni ezisemkhathini ezikude izwakala kakhulu.
Kuze kube manje, alukho olunye uphenyo olwethuliwe olukwazile ukwedlula iVoyager 1. Ngokwabalawuli bemishini, kulinganiselwa ukuthi uma umkhumbi-mkhathi uhlala usebenza ngenkathi unqamula i-heliopause, ephawula ukusuka kwawo esimisweni sethu sonozungezilanga, uyoba into yokuqala eyenziwe umuntu ukungena emkhathini wezinkanyezi. Lesi senzakalo esiyingqopha-mlando sizovumela ososayensi ukuba balinganise ngokuqondile izimo zendawo ephakathi kwezinkanyezi, ezinganikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile ngemvelaphi nezici zendawo yonke.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nama-Voyager probes nezici zawo.