Kusukela kudala, abantu bebelokhu befuna ukwenza okuthile ngezintaba-mlilo. Omunye wemibuzo ohlale ebuzwa uthi iphuma kanjani intabamlilo. Umbuzo uthi ngabe umuntu unawo amandla okukhokhela intaba-mlilo eqhume ngokugcwele.
Kulesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi intaba-mlilo iphuma kanjani, ukuthi ingenziwa kanjani kanye nezinye izinto ezithokozisayo.
Umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo
Ngokusho kwe-Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanic Activity Database, okwamanje kunezintaba-mlilo ezicishe zibe ngu-1396 emhlabeni jikelele. Kulezi, izintaba-mlilo ezingaba ngu-70, kuhlanganise neCumbre Vieja eLa Palma, seziqhumile kuze kube manje kulo nyaka.
Isazi sezilwane ezifuywayo uMaría José Huertas sithi: “Intaba-mlilo ibhekwa njengenamandla uma iqhuma eminyakeni engu-10.000 XNUMX edlule. Iziqhingi zaseCanary zimatasa kakhulu, nakuba kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi intaba-mlilo izoqala nini ukuvuka. Phakathi kwezikhathi ezinde zokungasebenzi, ezisukela eminyakeni kuya emashumini eminyaka, izimpawu zokuvuselelwa kwentaba-mlilo azibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Phakathi kwezikhathi ezinde zokungasebenzi, ezisukela eminyakeni kuya emashumini eminyaka, izimpawu zokuvuselelwa kwentaba-mlilo azibonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ngaphandle kwendawo yaseCumbre Vieja yaseLa Palma, izixuku ezimbalwa zokuzamazama komhlaba ezivela U-Okthoba 2017 kungenzeka ukuthi waphawula ukuqala kokutholakala kwentaba-mlilo yaseCanarian ngemva kweminyaka engu-46 yokuzola. Kungase kube ubufakazi bokuqala bokwenzeka kwentaba-mlilo ngemva kokuqhuma kokugcina (iVolcán Teneguía) ngo-1971.
Lolu chungechunge lokuzamazama komhlaba okurekhodiwe luvele lubonise ukutholakala okunamandla koketshezi lwe-magmatic ekujuleni okungamakhilomitha angama-25. Lokhu kuvezwe ithimba eliholwa isazi sokuma komhlaba uVicente Soler ovela ku-Institute of Natural Products and Agrarian Biology (IPNA-CSIC) kuJournal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research.
Ngaphambi kochungechunge lokuqala lokuzamazama komhlaba, ososayensi babhala izinguquko ekukhishweni kwegesi, ngokugxila okuphezulu kwezakhi zamakhemikhali ezinomsakazo ezifana ne-hydrogen ne-radon endaweni eseduze nokuzamazama komhlaba, okusikisela "ukungena kwegesi ejulile."
Ekoloni lesibili, ukwanda kokugxila kwe-radon ne-thoron, i-isotope ye-radon, kwakusabonwa, ekhiqizwa ukubola emhlabathini wesinye isici se-radioactive, i-thorium. Ngayo yonke le datha, ochwepheshe bathole ukuthi kukhona ukungena kwe-magma emile amakhilomitha ambalwa ukujula.
Ukuzamazama komhlaba, deformation kanye negesi
I-magma inyakaza phakathi kwamadwala emakamelweni angashoni (magma chambers) oqweqweni olungaphansi kwentaba-mlilo. Ngokungalingani okuqhubekayo, ukucindezela kuphezulu ngenxa yokuba khona kwegesi, okwenza lokhu uketshezi oluwuketshezi olwakhiwe etsheni elincibilikisiwe ngaphezu kuka-1.200°C lwaba into engazinzile.
“Imvelo yakhe wukuzama ukuphumela obala kodwa ngenxa yalokho kumele aphule lezo zakhiwo eziqinile. Yingakho ibheka izindawo ezisengozini ngaphakathi koqweqwe lapho ingafuduka khona,” kuchaza usosayensi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nemvelo Izungeza, i-magma ayiminyene futhi ilula, futhi ijwayele ukubalekela ezindaweni ezinomfutho ophansi nokujula. (okungukuthi indawo engaphezulu). Ngenxa yezinhlanganisela zayo namagesi ahambisana nayo, agcoba futhi aguqule indawo enamadwala ayenze intekenteke futhi ithambe, i-volcanic ifuna ukuphuma ngaphandle. Ngenxa yobukhona begesi, ukucindezela kuphezulu, okwenza i-magma eyenziwe udaka olungaphezulu kuka-1.200 ºC ibe into engazinzile.
Yingakho ukuzamazama komhlaba okulandelanayo kwenzeka ngamanani amakhulu futhi kuhluke kulokho okubangelwa ukunyakaza kwezingcwecwe zomhlaba. Ziwubufakazi bokuqala bokuthi ukwenzeka kwentaba-mlilo kungenzeka. “Ngaphandle kokuzamazama komhlaba, ukuqhuma kwentabamlilo bekungeke kube khona,” kusho uHuertas.
“Uma igesi inyuka isigubhukane, usuyazi ukuthi ikhombisani. Mhlawumbe akulutho: i-magma ibuthuntuza buthule njengoba ibakhulula. Noma ama-pulses amasha kakhulu e-magma angafika negesi yawo ayikhulule,” eqhubeka.
"Uma kwenzeka kuba nokuzamazama komhlaba, ukusebenza kwegesi okungajwayelekile, kanye nokuphakanyiswa noma ukuguquguquka kobuso beLa Palma, kubonakala sengathi kunezandulela zokuqhuma," egcizelela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kubalulekile ukwazi izinga lesisekelo se-volcano, okungukuthi, isilinganiso senani lokuzamazama komhlaba, inani legesi elikhishwe, njll. »
"Udinga ukukala okuqaphelekayo okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lapho isilinganiso esivame ukurekhodwa siba ngendlela exakile, ngokwesibonelo, kuqoshwa ukuzamazama komhlaba okwengeziwe, inani legesi elikhishwayo liyakhula, futhi uma lokho okubonwayo okuxakayo kuhlala kungashintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, khona-ke umuntu angakhuluma isiNgisi esivuselelwe noma esinesiyaluyalu,” kusho uJanire Prudencio, uProfesa we-Geophysics. e-Andalusian Institute of Geophysics of the University of Granada (UGR).
Ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuguquguquka kanye nenani legesi elikhishwayo yizinkomba eziyinhloko zesimo samanje sentaba-mlilo. "Kufanele kube nezinhlanganisela eziningana ukubikezela ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo," kusho uHuertas.
Iphuma kanjani intabamlilo?
Ngaphezu kwamasonto amabili ngemva kokuqhuma kwe-Strombolia, ukugeleza kwe-lava okuye kwakha ibhande elifinyelela ulwandle lungaphezu kwekhilomitha nengxenye ububanzi futhi lunwebeka ngaphezu kwamahektha angama-500, ngokweSpecial Projects Steering Committee.
Kodwa izinto ziyashintsha nsuku zonke. “Ngisho ihora ngalinye, ngoba ukuqhuma kuyashintsha njengoba inani legesi eliwukhiphayo liyashintsha. Ngaleso sikhathi lapho i-magma iqala ukuphola futhi kwakha amakristalu amaminerali okuqala, ukuqhuma kuyashintsha. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqubuka kuyashintsha. Konke kuthuthuka ngokushesha,” kusho isazi sokuma komhlaba.
Okwamanje, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, okuke yadilika kaningi endaweni esenyakatho ye-cone ngempelasonto, kusheshise ukugeleza. Kodwa izimo eziningana zazicatshangelwa: ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, i-magma chamber yachithwa futhi ukuqhuma kwayeka; noma igumbi le-magma elixhunywe ekamelweni le-magma ekujuleni kwengubo laligcwaliswa nge-magma entsha, yakudala, futhi ukuqhuma kwaqhubeka.
"Akekho owaziyo ukuthi izohlala isikhathi esingakanani ngoba ingaphinde ishajwe ngezinto ezintsha ezivela ku-mantle," kuxwayisa u-Huertas, nakuba isilinganiso sobude besikhathi sokuqhuma kweLa Palma sisukela phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-27 nezingu-84. Iphinde ibe nomthelela ekutheni ivaleka ngokushesha kangakanani. “Ungakwenza ngokushesha noma kancane. Lezi yizinto ezingalindelekile okungekho muntu oke walokotha ukuzibala ngalesi sikhathi.
Njengamanje, ososayensi abavela ku-UGR, kanye nabacwaningi abavela e-INVOLCAN, iNyuvesi yaseLa Laguna nezinye izikhungo zakwamanye amazwe, bathathe amasampula odaka lomlotha (imfucumfucu yentaba-mlilo, izingcezu zamatshe amancane) ukusuka kuntaba-mlilo ukuze baqonde, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimo nokuthi kwenzekani. ngaphakathi kwayo Inqubo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yindlela uhlelo lwe-magmatic oluvela ngayo.
Ingaphakathi lengubo Ingagcinwa izinyanga emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-200ºC no-400ºC. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, yonke inqubo iyama: abalingisi bayaphola futhi bancipha kancane kakhulu. Bazolahlekelwa umthamo futhi sizongena esigabeni esihlukile kunokuqhuma. “Izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwegumbi lokuwasha lingaba phakathi kuka-200 ºC no-400 ºC izinyanga,” kubika uHuertas. Ngemva kwalokho, iba yidwala elicijile eliqinile.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kwenzeke kanjani intaba-mlilo.