Umhubhe weTornado ibhekisela endaweni emaphakathi ne-United States lapho iziphepho zivame ukuba khona. Esifundeni, izishingishane zenzeka lapho umoya omanzi ovela eGulf of Mexico uhlangana nomoya obandayo, owomile ovela eCanada. Yize indawo echazwa ngokuthi iTornado Alley ingenayo imingcele ecacile, ihlanganisa izifunda zeGreat Plains zaseTexas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa, Nebraska, kanye neSouth Dakota. Ezinye izifundazwe ngezinye izikhathi ezifakwe endaweni yenkanyamba zihlanganisa i-Ohio, North Dakota, Arkansas, Montana, ne-Indiana, phakathi kwabanye. Nakuba lesi sifunda siba nezishingishane unyaka wonke, eziningi zenzeka ehlobo nasentwasahlobo futhi ngokuvamile zihambisana nokuduma kwezulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nenkanyamba yase-Alley, imiphi imiphumela enayo kanye nezici ezithile eziyinhloko mayelana neziphepho.
Yini isiphepho
Isiphepho yisisindo somoya esakha nge-angular velocity ephezulu. Imikhawulo yesiphepho itholakala phakathi ubuso bomhlaba nefu le-cumulonimbus. Kuyisimo somkhathi esiyindilinga esinamandla amakhulu, yize kuvame ukuhlala isikhathi esifushane.
Iziphepho ezakhiwe zingaba nosayizi nobukhulu obuhlukile nesikhathi esivame ukuhlala ngaso phakathi kwamasekhondi ambalwa nangaphezulu kwehora. Isiphepho morphology esaziwa kakhulu yi ifaneli lefaneli, onomphetho omncane uthinta phansi futhi uvame ukuzungezwa yifu elihudula lonke uthuli nemfucumfucu elizungezile.
Ijubane elingafinyelelwa yiziphepho liphakathi 65 no-180 km / h futhi ingaba ngamamitha angama-75 ububanzi. Izinkanyamba azihlali lapho zakhiwe khona, kepha kunalokho zihamba ziwela indawo. Imvamisa zihamba amakhilomitha ambalwa ngaphambi kokunyamalala.
Okuqine kakhulu kungaba nemimoya enejubane elingaguquguquka ngo-450 km / h noma ngaphezulu, linganisa kuze kufike ku-2 km ububanzi futhi uhlale uthinta inhlabathi ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-100 womzila.
Indlela i-tornado eyakha ngayo
Iziphepho zizalwa yizulu futhi zivame ukuhambisana nesichotho. Ukuze kwakhiwe isiphepho, izimo ze izinguquko esiqondisweni nasejubaneni lesiphepho, kwakha umphumela ojikelezayo ovundlile. Lapho lo mphumela uvela, isigaxa esime mpo senziwa lapho umoya ukhuphuka futhi ujikeleze ngaphakathi kwesiphepho.
Izimo zesimo sezulu ezikhuthaza ukuvela kweziphepho zivame ukusebenza kakhulu emini kunasebusuku (ikakhulukazi kusihlwa) nasebusuku isikhathi se- entwasahlobo nasekwindla unyaka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiphepho kungenzeka ukuthi senzeke entwasahlobo nasekwindla futhi phakathi nosuku, okungukuthi, zivame kakhulu ngalezi zikhathi. Noma kunjalo, iziphepho zingenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku nanoma yiluphi usuku lonyaka.
Itholakala kuphi i-tornado alley
Izifunda eziningana zase-United States zijwayele ukuba nezishingishane, okuhlanganisa iGulf Coast, Southern Plains, Upper Midwest, kanye neNorthern Plains. Nokho, cishe zonke izifundazwe ziye zabhekana nezishingishane, nakuba izivunguvungu zivame kakhulu phakathi kwezintaba ze-Appalachian kanye nezintaba ze-Rocky maphakathi ne-United States. Igama elithi "tornado corridor" laqanjwa uKaputeni Robert Miller kanye noMajor Ernest Fabush, abalifaka ohlelweni locwaningo lwango-1952 olufunda ngesimo sezulu esibi e-Oklahoma naseTexas.
Nakuba leli gama libhekisela endaweni emaphakathi ne-US lapho iziphepho zivame khona, Isevisi Yesimo Sezulu Kazwelonke ayinikezi incazelo esemthethweni yayo. Ngakho-ke, izindawo ezahlukene nezifunda zihlala zifakiwe ku-Tornado Alley.
Yize imingcele yeTornado Alley ihluka ngokwemvelaphi, ihlanganisa izifunda zeGreat Plains zaseLouisiana, eTexas, e-Iowa, eKansas, eSouth Dakota, e-Oklahoma naseNebraska. Eminye imithombo ihlanganisa izifunda ezifana ne-Illinois, i-Wisconsin, i-Indiana, intshonalanga ye-Ohio, ne-Minnesota njengengxenye ye-Tornado Alley. I-Tornado Alley ingabuye ichazwe njengendawo eneziphepho eziningi. Eminye imithombo iphinde ikhombise ukuthi kunezindawo eziningana ze-tornado alleys ngaphezu kwendawo esuka eTexas ukuya eKansas. Lezi zindlela zingabandakanya i-Upper Midwest, i-Lower Mississippi, i-Tennessee, ne-Ohio.
Ikuphi i-Alley tornado evame kakhulu
Iziphepho zivamile e-United States ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo. Iziphepho zingakheka noma kuphi ezweni nasezwenikazi lonke laseNyakatho Melika, futhi i-United States ibhekana neziphepho ezinamandla ezingaba ngu-1200 unyaka ngamunye. Noma kunjalo, I-Tornado Alley ingenye yezindawo ezihlaselwe kakhulu iziphepho ngoba izimo eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze kube nesiphepho zidlangile endaweni.
Ingxenye yamaThafa Amakhulu, indawo iyisicaba futhi yomile, okuyenza ibe indawo ekahle yokuhlangana kwezindimbane zomoya eziqhudelanayo. Umoya ofudumele ophuma eGulf of Mexico uhlangana nomoya obandayo, owomile ovela e-Rocky Mountains. Lapho lezi zindimbane zomoya eziqhudelanayo zihlangana, amasinki omoya obandayo, owomile kanye nomoya ofudumele, omanzi uyakhuphuka, kudala isiphepho esinamandla.
imvamisa yenkanyamba
I-Texas ihlangabezane nezishingishane eziningi kakhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bayo nendawo ekude eningizimu yesifunda. Kodwa-ke, iKansas ibike izindawo eziningi zenkanyamba ngo-2007, ilandelwa yi-Oklahoma. Nakuba iFlorida yabika iziphepho ezivamile ngo-2013, izivunguvungu zazingenamandla njengamathafa aseningizimu. IFlorida yenza isilinganiso sezishingishane eziyi-12,2 ngamamayela-skwele ayi-10.000 ngonyaka phakathi kuka-1991 no-2010, okuyenza ibe yisifunda esinezishingishane eziningi kakhulu esifundeni ngaleso sikhathi, ilandelwe yiKansas (11,7) neMaryland (9,9). I-Texas iqophe iziphepho ezingu-5,9 endaweni ngayinye ngonyaka ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nenkanyamba ye-Alley nezici zayo.