I-Strait yaseMalacca

El I-Strait yaseMalacca Kuyingalo yolwandle ehlanganisa uLwandle i-Andaman (i-Indian Ocean) kanye nolwandle oluseNingizimu ye-China (iPacific Ocean). Itholakala phakathi kogu olusenyakatho-mpumalanga yesiqhingi sase-Indonesia iSumatra kanye nogu oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yaseMalay. Inokubaluleka okukhulu kwezomnotho nezokuvakasha.

Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi ngeStrait of Malacca, izici zayo, ukwahlulela, isimo sezulu nokunye okuningi.

I-Strait of Malacca nesimo sezulu sayo

Ingqikithi yendawo ye-strait ingaba amakhilomitha-skwele angama-65.000. Ingamakhilomitha angu-80 ubude futhi imise okwefaneli, ibanzi kakhulu enyakatho-ntshonalanga futhi incane kakhulu eningizimu-mpumalanga, ifinyelela ububanzi obuncane bamakhilomitha angu-2,8 endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi yiPhilips Strait eSingapore.

I-Strait of Malacca ithatha igama layo kuMalacca (ngaphambilini eyayiyiMalacca), ichweba elibalulekile lokuhweba lekhulu le-25 nele-30 ogwini lwaseMalay. Indawo eseningizimu ye-strait ingamamitha angu-XNUMX-XNUMX kuphela ukujula, nakuba ukujula kuyanda njengoba kusondela oLwandle i-Andaman. Ngenxa yomfula omkhulu ogeleza emanzini e-strait, inkomba yawo yosawoti iphansi.

Kuneziqhingi eziningi kulo mshikashika, ezinye zazo zigqitshwe amadwala nezihlabathi, kanti nomlomo oseningizimu ye-strait kunzima ukudlula. I-current in the strait ihlala igeleza isuka eningizimu-mpumalanga iye enyakatho-ntshonalanga.

Isimo sezulu saseStrait siyashisa futhi siswakeme, sithintwa yizimvula ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga ebusika kanye nezimvula eziseningizimu-ntshonalanga ehlobo. Isilinganiso semvula yonyaka sisukela ku-1.900 kuya ku-2.500 mm. Izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu kwamanzi liyahlukahluka phakathi kuka-2ºC no-31ºC, kuye ngendawo kanye nesikhathi sonyaka.

Ukubaluleka kweStrait of Malacca

Namuhla, amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamabhokisi emikhumbi engaphezu kuka-90 000 anqamula iStrait of Malacca, ethwele cishe ingxenye yesine yezimpahla ezihwebayo emhlabeni, ezihlanganisa uphethiloli, amalahle, uwoyela wesundu, owenziwa eChina, eNingizimu Korea, eJapane, eTaiwan. zibalulekile emnothweni waseChina naseVietnam, kanye nekhofi eliyigugu elivela e-Indonesia.

I-Strait iyisiteshi esikhulu semikhumbi phakathi kwe-Indian Ocean kanye noLwandlekazi i-Pacific, exhumanisa umnotho omkhulu wase-Asia njenge-India, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, China, Japan, Taiwan, kanye neNingizimu Korea.

Ukuze siqonde ukubaluleka kwe-geopolitical ye-Strait of Malacca kuhulumeni wase-China, kufanele sibuyekeze ukuguquguquka kwamanje kwe-geopolitical kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwezomnotho esifundeni, njengoba imibuso emikhulu esifundeni ibonise isithakazelo esithile ekuvikeleni ilungelo lendlela.

Umnotho

Ngokuqalisa imiklamo yentuthuko ephethwe nguhulumeni, uhulumeni waseShayina uye wandisa umthelela nokulawula kwawo esifundeni. Lokhu ukungabaza kwamanye amazwe akuzange kukhule, ikakhulukazi i-India, enye yezimbangi ezinkulu zezombusazwe zaseChina, yona elawula ukuthunyelwa kwe-Western Strait.

Lokhu ngokungangabazeki kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka kuhulumeni waseShayina, njengoba ibutho lasolwandle laseNdiya lizibeka engcupheni yokuvimba imikhumbi ethwala impahla ethwala uwoyela eya eChina, lisabisa ngokukhinyabeza amandla namandla okukhiqiza ale nkunzi yase-Asia. Ngokunjalo, i-Strait of Malacca inebutho elibalulekile lezempi elivela e-United States, esinye isitha esikhulu sezombusazwe nezentengiselwano saseChina.

Kungakho, kumongo weNew Silk Road, uhulumeni waseShayina uzikhuthaze ngamandla izinhlelo ezifana ne-"The Belt and Road", ezama ukunciphisa ukuthembela emizileni emincane.

Amanye amaphrojekthi enziwe ukuze kugwenywe izinsongo ezingase zivele e-India umhubhe wezomnotho phakathi kwePakistan neChina, okungenye yezindawo ezibalulekile engxenyeni yomhlaba yoMgwaqo Kasilika omusha. Umhubhe, ohlanganisa umgwaqo omkhulu i-Karakoram, ojantshi besitimela abaningi, amachweba omile ayisikhombisa kanye nokwakhiwa kwezindawo zezomnotho ezikhethekile eziyisishiyagalolunye, kuzovumela abakhiqizi baseShayina ukuthi bafinyelele olwandle i-Indian Ocean ngaphandle kokudlula emkhakheni we-India. Ngokufanayo, amaphrojekthi wokwakha amachweba okwenziwa uhulumeni waseShayina eSri Lanka anezinhloso ezifanayo ze-geostrategic.

Enye iphrojekthi ethokozisayo evela endaweni yokubuka ye-geostrategic yi-Kra Canal eThailand, ezonciphisa isikhathi nezindleko zokuthutha ukungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kwamaShayina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo msebenzi uzonciphisa umthamo wezimpahla ezidlula eStrait of Malacca, okuyinto imele u-70% wawo wonke umthamo wayo.

Ukuhamba

Njengomzila wemikhumbi oyinhloko wemvelo phakathi koLwandlekazi i-Indian kanye noLwandle LwaseNingizimu ne-China, i-Strait of Malacca ngokomlando ibe umzila wemikhumbi omfushane kakhulu phakathi kwe-India ne-China, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ungomunye wemizila yemikhumbi ematasa kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ngenxa yokubaluleka kwamaqhinga, i-Strait ngokomlando ibilawulwa ama-Arabhu, amaPutukezi, amaDashi namaBrithani. ISingapore ingelinye lamachweba abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, atholakala emaphethelweni aseningizimu ye-strait. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi imikhumbi ethwala impahla engaphezu kuka-50.000 XNUMX idlula kuleli chweba unyaka ngamunye, kanti ingxenye yesihlanu kawoyela osemhlabeni ithuthwa olwandle.

Izici Zomzimba ze-Strait of Malacca

Izici ezibonakalayo ze-Strait of Malacca, ikakhulukazi ukungashoni kwamanzi ayo, ziyizithiyo ezinkulu endleleni yokuhamba. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, imikhumbi ene-overdraft azikwazi ukudlula endaweni futhi ziphambukiselwe eLombok Strait e-Indonesia. Ukugcwala okungapheli kwemikhumbi echwebeni kanye nezinkinga ezithile zokuphepha ekuhambeni okuhlobene nobugebengu kwenze ukuthi kuphenywe eminye imizila, njenge-Kra Isthmus eThailand (isithombe esingenhla kwesokunxele), okusho ukubhoboza umzila oxhumanisa uLwandle i-Andaman nolwandle. Gulf of Thailand.

I-Strait of Malacca ingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-900 ubude, imise okwefaneli, ingamakhilomitha angu-65 kuphela ububanzi eningizimu, futhi inweba cishe amakhilomitha angu-250 ukuya enyakatho phakathi kweSumatra neKra Isthmus. Kwezinye izindawo, ububanzi beStrait of Malacca bungaphansi kwamakhilomitha amathathu.

Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-Strait of Malacca nezici zayo.