El i-gradient yengcindezi Isetshenziswa kwisayensi efana ne-physics kanye ne-meteorology. Kuyisilinganiso sokuthi ingcindezi ishintsha ngokushesha kangakanani endaweni ethile oketshezini. Lolu ketshezi kungaba kokubili umoya namanzi noma okunye. Kunokubaluleka okukhulu ku-meteorology ukwazi ukuhamba komoya.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sihloko sizochaza ukuthi iyini i-gradient yengcindezi, izici zayo kanye nokusebenziseka kwayo kokubili ku-meteorology naku-physics.
Iyini i-gradient yengcindezi
i-pressure gradient ibhekisela ekushintshashintsheni kokucindezela njengomsebenzi wokuma oketshezini. Ngamanye amazwi, isilinganiso sokuthi ingcindezi ishintsha ngokushesha kangakanani endaweni ethile oketshezini.
I-gradient yokucindezela ingaqondwa kangcono ngokucabangela uketshezi oluphumulile. Uma into ifakwa oketshezini, ingcindezi engaphansi kwento izoba mkhulu kunomfutho ongaphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isisindo sento senza amandla abheke phansi oketshezini, okwandisa ukucindezela phansi. I-gradient yokucindezela, kulokhu, ilungile, kusukela umfutho uyanda njengoba wehla oketshezini.
I-gradient yokucindezela ingaba yinegethivu, okusho ukuthi ukucindezela kuyehla njengoba wehla oketshezini. Isibonelo, uma uketshezi lunyakaza, ingcindezi engaphezulu koketshezi izoba ngaphansi kwengcindezi engezansi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uketshezi olunyakazayo luhlangabezana namandla okungqubuzana endaweni engaphezulu, okunciphisa ingcindezi kuleyo ndawo. I-gradient yengcindezi kulesi simo ingaba yinegethivu.
I-gradient yokucindezela ibalulekile ezicini eziningi zefiziksi ye-fluid, okuhlanganisa ukuguquguquka koketshezi kanye nethiyori yegagasi lomsindo. Ikakhulukazi, ukuhluka kwe-gradient yokucindezela oketshezini kungasetshenziselwa ukunquma isivinini soketshezi noma amandla atholwa yizinto ezicwiliswe kulo.
Ibalwa kanjani
Igradient yengcindezi ibalwa njengezinga lokushintsha kwengcindezi ngokuphathelene nebanga eliya endaweni ethile oketshezini. Lokho kusho ukuthi, izinga lokushintsha kwengcindezi endaweni eqondile noma evundlile ingabalwa, isibonelo.
Ukuze ubale i-gradient yokucindezela uye ohlangothini oluqondile, i-equation ingasetshenziswa:
∆P/∆z
lapho u-∆P ingumehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili endaweni eqondile futhi ∆z iyibanga elima mpo phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili. Uma umphumela uthi positive, kusho ukuthi ingcindezi iyanda njengoba wehla oketshezini futhi i-gradient yokucindezela iba positive. Uma umphumela unegethivu, kusho ukuthi ingcindezi iyehla njengoba wehla oketshezini futhi i-gradient yokucindezela iba negative.
Ukuze ubale i-gradient yokucindezela endaweni evundlile, i-equation ingasetshenziswa:
∆P/∆x
lapho ∆P ingumehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili endaweni evundlile futhi ∆x iyibanga elivundlile phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili. Uma umphumela uhle, kusho ukuthi ingcindezi iyanda ekuqondeni kwe-∆x futhi i-gradient yokucindezela ilungile. Uma umphumela ungalungile, kusho ukuthi ingcindezi iyancipha ekuqondeni kwe-∆x futhi i-gradient yokucindezela ayinayo.
Ibalwa njengezinga lokushintsha kwengcindezi ngokuphathelene nebanga eliya endaweni ethile oketshezini. Lokhu kusivumela ukuba siqonde ukuhlukahluka kokucindezela oketshezini kanye nomthelela walo ekuziphatheni koketshezi nezinto ezicwiliswe kulo.
i-pressure gradient ku-physics
I-gradient yokucindezela iyisilinganiso esibalulekile kumishini yoketshezi ngoba ingaba nomthelela ekuhambeni koketshezi namandla asebenza ezintweni ezicwiliswe oketshezini.
Isibonelo, i-gradient yokucindezela iyisisekelo ekuguquguqukeni koketshezi, njengoba ukugeleza koketshezi kungaqondwa njengokuthambekela koketshezi ukusuka endaweni yokucindezela okukhulu kuya endaweni yokucindezela okuphansi. I-gradient yengcindezi ekhuphukela ohlangothini oluthile ingase ibonise ukugeleza koketshezi ngokushesha kuleyo ndawo.
Futhi, i-gradient yokucindezela ibalulekile futhi ekuqondeni ukumelana nokunyakaza kwezinto ezicwiliswe oketshezini. Ngokuvamile, ukumelana nokunyakaza kwento kungenxa yamandla okungqubuzana asebenza entweni ethinta uketshezi. I-gradient yokucindezela ingaba nomthelela kulamandla okungqubuzana, ngakho-ke, ukumelana nokunyakaza kwento.
i-pressure gradient Kubalulekile futhi embonweni wamagagasi omsindo, njengoba isivinini somsindo oketshezini sihlobene nokuhlukahluka komfutho oketshezini. Ngakho-ke, i-gradient yokucindezela isetshenziselwa ukubala isivinini samaza omsindo oketshezini.
ukubaluleka kumeteorology
I-gradient yokucindezela ibalulekile nakwi-meteorology njengoba ukushintshashintsha kokucindezela komkhathi kanye ne-gradient yokucindezela emkhathini kuthonya isimo sezulu kanye namaphethini omoya.
Ku-meteorology, i-gradient yokucindezela isetshenziselwa ukunquma isiqondiso nesivinini somoya. Isiqondiso somoya sichazwa ngokuthi isiqondiso lapho umoya ugeleza khona, ukusuka endaweni enomfutho ophezulu ukuya endaweni enomfutho ophansi. Isivinini somoya sinqunywa ubukhulu begradient yokucindezela, siba sikhulu uma umehluko wengcindezi phakathi kwamaphoyinti amabili mkhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-gradient yokucindezela ibalulekile futhi ekwakhekeni kwezinhlelo zesimo sezulu njengeziphepho neziphepho. I-gradient yokucindezela emkhathini ingadala imimoya ejikelezayo ezungeze isikhungo sokucindezela okuphansi, okungaholela ekwakhekeni kweziphepho neziphepho zasezindaweni ezishisayo.
I-gradient yokucindezela ibalulekile futhi ekwakhekeni kwezindawo zesimo sezulu, okuyizindawo lapho kutholakala khona izixuku zomoya ezinamazinga okushisa ahlukene, umswakama kanye nezingcindezi. Izinhlangothi zakha lapho umoya obandayo uhlangana nesisindo somoya ofudumele, ongaminyene kancane, okudala ukwehla kokucindezela okungabangela amafu kanye nemvula.
I-gradient yokucindezela iyisilinganiso esibucayi ku-meteorology, njengoba ithonya indlela kanye nesivinini somoya, ukwakheka kwezinhlelo zesimo sezulu njengeziphepho neziphepho, kanye nokwakheka kwezindawo zesimo sezulu. Ukuqonda nokulinganisa ukuthambekela komfutho osemkhathini kubalulekile ekuqondeni nasekubikezeleni amaphethini esimo sezulu nawomoya.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-gradient yokucindezela kanye nezici zayo.