La I-Orion Nebula I-emission nebula enesikhungo esimise okwevemvane. Iseningizimu nje yeqoqo lezinkanyezi i-Orion futhi ibonakala kalula ngeso lenyama njengebala elimhlophe elifiphele phakathi kwebhande le-Orion.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, umsuka nokubaluleka kwe-Orion Nebula.
Izici eziyinhloko
Eqanjwe ngokusatshalaliswa kwawo, ama-nebula ayizindawo ezinkulu zesikhala esigcwele izinto ezihlangana nezinkanyezi (uthuli negesi). I-Orion Nebula yachazwa okokuqala isazi sezinkanyezi esingumFulentshi uNicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc ngo-1610, nakuba impucuko yasendulo njengamaMaya nayo iye yabhala izinto ezifanayo. Noma kunjalo, akunakunqunywa ukuthi empeleni iyi-Orion Nebula efanayo.
Eqinisweni, uGalileo akazange akhulume ngakho, nakuba kwaziwa ukuthi wahlola lesi sifunda ngesibonakhulu futhi wathola ezinye zezinkanyezi kuso (esibizwa ngokuthi iTrapezium). Kanjalo nezinye izazi zezinkanyezi ezidumile zasendulo.
Kodwa njengoba manje isibonakala kalula ngeso lenyama, kungenzeka ukuthi i-nebula yakhanyiswa ukuzalwa kwezinkanyezi ezintsha. Yafakwa kukhathalogi ngu-Charles Messier ngo-1771 njengento engu-M42, futhi ingaseshwa ngaleli gama kuwebhu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ze-astronomy zeselula.
Ngokombono wezinkanyezi, i-nebulae njenge-Orion Zibalulekile ngoba izinkanyezi zihlala zakheka lapho.. Kulapho, ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi, lapho kuvela khona ama-agglomerations of matter, abe esefinyela futhi akhe imbewu yezinhlelo zezinkanyezi. Ngaphakathi kwe-nebula, izinkanyezi zihlala zakheka.
Izindawo zokuhlala e- Orion Nebula
I-Orion Nebula iseduze ne-Solar System kuma-parsecs angu-500 (i-1 parsec = iminyaka engu-3,2616 yokukhanya) noma iminyaka engu-1270 yokukhanya. Itholakala, njengoba sisho, eBelt of Orion, equkethe izinkanyezi ezintathu ezikhanyayo ku-diagonal emaphakathi ye-quadrilateral constellation.
Izinkanyezi ezintathu yi-Mintaka, Alnilam kanye ne-Alnitak, nakuba ngokuvamile zaziwa ngokuthi oMariya Abathathu noma Izazi Ezintathu.
Kubonwa eMhlabeni, ububanzi be-angular (usayizi we-angular wento ebonwa eMhlabeni) we-nebula esibhakabhakeni cishe ama-arcminutes angu-60. Ngokuphambene nalokho, IVenus into ebonakala kalula esukela ku-10 kuya ku-63 arc imizuzu kuye nge-epoch, kodwa ibonakala ikhanya ngenxa yokuba seduze kwayo.
Ungathola umbono wobukhulu be-nebula nokukhanya kwayo kwangempela ngokuqhathanisa ibanga: iminyaka engu-1270 yokukhanya = 1,2 x 1016 km, kanti iVenus ingama-40 x 106 km kuphela ukusuka eMhlabeni.
Indlela yokubona i-Orion Nebula?
I-Orion Nebula i-emission nebula, okusho ukuthi ikhipha ukukhanya ebangeni lokukhanya elibonakalayo. Ibonakala empumalanga ekuqaleni kokuphuma kwelanga ngoJulayi, kodwa izikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokuyibona kusebusika obusenyakatho nenkabazwe noma ihlobo eliseningizimu yenkabazwe.
Kubonakala ngeso lenyama uma isibhakabhaka simnyama futhi sicacile. Nakuba ngokuqinisekile ibonakala emadolobheni amakhulu, kungcono kakhulu ukuhlala kude nokungcola kokukhanya ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngezibonakude noma isibonakude esincane, i-nebula ibonakala iyichashaza elincane le-pearlescent, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kungase kubonakale umbala omncane obomvana. Lokhu akukona okuvame kakhulu, njengoba iso alizwani nombala njengefilimu yezithombe.
Lokhu kudinga izibonakude ezinkulu noma ukuthatha izithombe zokuchayeka isikhathi eside, nazo ezivame ukucutshungulwa ukuze ziveze imininingwane.
Noma kunjalo, ngisho nama-binoculars nje, i-nebula iyisithombe esihle ngokumangalisayo, ingasaphathwa eyezinkanyezi ezizalwa ngaphakathi kwayo ngalesi sikhathi.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukuthola i-nebula kulula njengoba i-Orion ingenye yezinkanyezi ezidume kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Sky Map zizokukhombisa ukuthi ukuphi ngokushesha. Ngezibonakude zesimanje, ungahlela ukusesha ukuze ugxile ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ubeke i-trapezoid ngaphakathi kwayo.
Ukutholwa kanye nemvelaphi
Ngokwemithombo eminingi, amaMaya asendulo ayeyobona indawo yendikimba yasezulwini lapho kuhlala khona leli nebula, ayibiza ngokuthi i-Xibalbá. Ngokomcabango wakhe, ifu legesi lafakazela ukuba khona kwesithando somlilo sendalo.
I-Orion Nebula yatholwa abaseNtshonalanga ngo-1610, ingumFulentshi uNicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, kanye nesazi sezinkanyezi esingumJesuit uCysatus de Lucerne ngo-1618. Ngemva kwesikhathi eside, yafakwa kuyi-Charles Messier's Astronomical Catalogue ngo-1771, ehambisana negama. M42.
Ngenxa ye-spectroscopy kaWilliam Huggins, isignesha yayo engaqondakali ayizange itholakale kuze kube ngu-1865, futhi ngo-1880 kwakuzonyatheliswa i-astrophotography yakhe yokuqala, ekaHenry Draper. Ukubonwa kokuqala okuqondile kwe-nebula kwavela ku-Hubble Space Telescope ngo-1993, futhi ngenxa yayo (kanye nokubhekwa kwayo okuningi kokulandelela), ngisho namamodeli akamuva e-3D enziwa.
Imibala ye-Orion Nebula
Emehlweni enyama, i-nebula ibonakala imhlophe, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, iso lomuntu lingakwazi ukubona umbala omncane obomvana. Imibala yangempela ibonakala ezithombeni ezithathwe ngokuchayeka isikhathi eside futhi ivela emandleni akhishwa ama-molecule ajabulile kugesi.
Eqinisweni, izinga lokushisa lezinkanyezi ngaphakathi kwe-nebula lingaba ngu-25.000 K. Ngenxa yalokho, zingakhipha imisebe ye-ultraviolet eyanele ukuze i-ionize i-hydrogen, okuyingxenye eyinhloko yesifunda.
Inhlanganisela yamaza amaza (obomvu, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, no-violet) okukhishwa ukuvuswa kwamangqamuzana egesi kukhiqiza umbala opinki ohlukile. Ezinye izithombe ziphinde zibonise izindawo eziluhlaza, ezihambisana nokushintsha kwamandla okuhlukile okungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezinezimo zomzimba ze-nebula.
I-Orion Nebula ibaluleke kakhulu ngokwesayensi yezinkanyezi ngenxa yokusebenza okuphezulu kwezinkanyezi zayo. Iqukethe inani elikhulu lezinkanyezi ezakhayo ngaphakathi kwayo, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-protostar.
Njengoba lesi kuyisigaba esifushane kakhulu empilweni yenkanyezi, akulula ukuthola ama-protostars ongawafunda. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-Orion Nebula ikude kakhulu nendiza ye-Milky Way, equkethe akulula ukudideka nezinye izinto zasezulwini. Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zizathu, ihlolwa ngokugcwele izazi zezinkanyezi nezazi zezinkanyezi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-Orion Nebula nezici zayo.