futhi abanye
El Ugwadule lwaseMojave Itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States futhi ihlukaniswe izifunda zaseCalifornia, Nevada, Utah, kanye ne-Arizona. Indawo yayo enwetshiwe kakhulu noma engaphansi ingamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-130.000. Luncane kakhulu ogwadule lwaseNyakatho Melika, kodwa futhi lome kakhulu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nogwadule lwaseMojave, izici zalo, izitshalo, izilwane, ezokuvakasha nokunye okuningi.
i-geography kanye ne-geology
I-Mojave Desert itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States, ehlanganisa izingxenye zaseCalifornia, Nevada, Arizona, kanye ne-Utah. Lolu gwadule lunwebeka cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayi-122,000, okulenza libe olunye lwezingwadule ezinkulu eNyakatho Melika.
Kulolugwadule sithola amathafa awugwadule abanzi, aphazanyiswa izintaba namagquma aphakama ngokumangalisayo. Ukuphakama kusuka ezigodini eziphansi kuya eziqongweni zezintaba, efinyelela ukuphakama okungaphezu kwamamitha angu-3,350 ezintabeni zaseSan Bernardino.
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu zogwadule lwaseMojave izindunduma zesihlabathi ezidumile. Lezi zindunduma, njengalezo ezise-Kelso Dunes National Park, zakhiwe ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwesihlabathi esiqhutshwa umoya ovunguzayo. Ukwakheka nobukhulu bezindunduma kuyahlukahluka, okwakha indawo ewugwadule ebukekayo ngempela.
Kulolugwadule singathola uhlelo lwemihosha nemihosha. Eyaziwa kakhulu kuzo i-Devil's Canyon. Iwumhosha oqoshwe ukuguguleka kwamanzi phakathi nezigidi zeminyaka. Lezi zihosha zinikeza umbono oyingqayizivele wezingqimba zamadwala eziveziwe, ongafunda ngazo ngomlando we geological of the desert.
Mayelana ne-geology, ingxenye enkulu yesifunda yakhiwe ngamatshe e-sedimentary, njengamatshe esihlabathi nama-conglomerates, ezakhiwa ngenxa yokunqwabelana kwezinsalela emachibini nasemifuleni yasendulo. Kukhona namadwala entaba-mlilo, umphumela wesikhathi esidlule sezintaba-mlilo kule ndawo.
Ugwadule luyikhaya lezimbiwa ezinhlobonhlobo, ezihlanganisa igolide, isiliva, nethusi, okuye kwadonsa ukunaka kwabafuna ingcebo kuwo wonke umlando. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isayensi yokwakheka komhlaba yasogwadule idale ukwakheka kwamadwala okuthakazelisayo, njengamatshe amakhulukazi e-Joshua Tree National Park kanye nezakhiwo ezidumile ze-limestone ezaziwa ngokuthi iJoshua Rocks.
I-Mojave Desert Climate
I-Mojave Desert iyindawo eshisa kakhulu eNyakatho Melika. Indawo yayo eshisa kakhulu i-Death Valley, lapho amazinga okushisa afika ku-49º C aqoshwe khona. Kunezinkathi zonyaka ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu: ebusika, isilinganiso samazinga okushisa emini siba mnandi kakhulu kanti isilinganiso sasebusuku singaphansi kuka-0ºC, ngenxa yokushoda kwemvula e-Pacific Ocean (50 mm ngonyaka). Ihlobo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, libonakala ngesomiso namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Umoya yisimo sezulu esibaluleke kakhulu ogwadule lwaseMojave. Lona umoya ofudumele ovunguza usuka ngaphakathi uye ogwini olusentshonalanga unyaka wonke, ngezinye izikhathi usheshe kakhulu.
Ngokuqondene nezinga lokushisa lendawo, ihlukahluka phakathi kuka-2 degrees Celsius no-36 degrees Celsius isikhathi esiningi sonyaka. Kunezimo ezingavamile lapho izinga lokushisa lingehla libe ngaphansi kuka-3°C. Entshonalanga, izinga lokushisa lasebusika lipholile futhi libanda kakhulu, lifinyelela ku-13°C. Lawa mazinga okushisa awedlulele kakhulu kunalawo amaphakathi nasempumalanga ye-Mojave ngenxa yethonya lolwandle entshonalanga ye-Mojave. Engxenyeni yawo emaphakathi, ubusika abunandi, kodwa ihlobo lishisa ngendlela engavamile amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-49°C. Empumalanga, ubusika bupholile, amazinga okushisa asebusuku avame ukushona ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa.
Emini, Ugwadule LwaseMojave luhlangabezana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu nadlulele, ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Umswakama ojwayelekile phakathi nosuku uphakathi kuka-10% no-30%. Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okufika kumadigri angamashumi amane ngosuku kuvamile.
Umswakama ungafinyelela ku-50% ebusuku. Ngemvula engavamile, umswakama uphakeme kakhulu ngaphambili nangemuva futhi uvame ukwanda ebusuku nasebusika futhi wehle phakathi nosuku. Ebusuku, ungabona izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezihlala kule ndawo.
Izitshalo nezilwane zasogwadule lwaseMojave
Izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zokuhlala ezikhona ogwadule lwaseMojave ziyikhaya cishe Izinhlobo ezingama-300 zezilwane, ezinezinhlobo ezingama-36 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinhlobo ezingama-206 zezinyoni kanye nezinhlobo ezingama-47 zezilwane ezincelisayo eziye zabhalwa. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu i-Gila monster, ufudu lwasogwadule, i-Mojave goral, i-Mojave tassel, inyoka yenkosi enentamo eyindandatho, kanye nenyoka yasogwadule.
Izinyoni ezibalulekile zihlanganisa i-prairie hawk, i-Bendale condor, i-California condor, ukhozi lwegolide, ijuba elilila kanye nezigwaca zikaGambe. Le sayithi futhi iyikhaya lezilwane ezibaluleke kakhulu zamalulwane ogwadule lwaseCalifornia. Kukhona nezingwejejejejejejejenene zamadwala, amagundane okhuni anezinyawo ezimnyama, izinyamazane zomnyuzi, izinkumbi, ama-cougars, nezimvu zophondo olukhulu lwasogwadule.
Ngokuqondene nezitshalo, kufaka phakathi izihlahla ze-creosote, izihlahla ezinkulu, izihlahla zamagxolo acwebile, i-desert holly, ama-hedgehogs amhlophe, Izihlahla zeJoshua, lezi zamuva zibhekwa njengezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezitholakala endaweni. Le ndawo iyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningi ze-cacti, okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezitholakala kuphela njenge-silver jolla, i-Mojave prickly pear, i-beavertail cactus, kanye ne-multi-headed barrel cactus. Indawo futhi inothile ngezitshalo ze-ephemeral, nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-80-90 ezihlala zikhona.
I-Turismo
I-Mojave Desert ingenye yezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu izivakashi e-United States, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yendawo yayo endaweni yaseLas Vegas. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingwadule zaziswa kakhulu ngenxa yobuhle bazo bendawo, ikakhulukazi endaweni I-Death Valley National Park, iJoshua Tree National Park, iMonument Desert National Monument, kanye neDamu laseHoover.
Ezinye zezindawo eziheha izivakashi ezidume kakhulu yi-thermometer ephakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, enamamitha angama-41 ukuphakama, noma idolobha eliyizipoki laseCalico.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nogwadule lwaseMojave nezici zalo.