Impela uzwile ngoJehova Micronesia kanye nePolynesia neMelanesia. Lezi izindawo ezisoLwandle iPacific ezihlala iziqhingi ezinezifunda ezihlangene. Kungashiwo ukuthi iqoqo leziqhingi liyingxenye yezwekazi elikhuluma ngokwepolitiki. Lezi ziqhingi zinentshisekelo yezomnotho neyokuvakasha.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele konke okudingeka ukwazi ngeMicronesia nezici zayo.
Iyini iMicronesia
IMicronesia iyisifunda esisoLwandlekazi iPacific futhi siyingxenye yezwekazi elakhiwe ikakhulukazi iziqhingi namaqoqo eziqhingi amaningana: i-Oceania. IMicronesia yakhiwe amakhulu eziqhingi ezincane ezisakazeke kuyo yonke intshonalanga yePacific Ocean futhi ihlukaniswe ngokwezombangazwe yaba yizindawo ezingu-8.. Ingqikithi yabantu baseMicronesia ilinganiselwa ku-350.000.
Kukhona izifunda ezizimele ezi-5, iPalau, iFederated States yaseMicronesia, iKiribati, iNauru neMarshall Islands, kodwa futhi kukhona izifunda ezi-3 eziyizifunda ezincike e-United States, yilezi: Iziqhingi zaseNyakatho zeMariana, iWake neGuam. Ukulawulwa kweziqhingi kwashintsha izandla izikhathi eziningana phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Kunezilimi ezimbalwa zasendaweni eMicronesia, eziyingxenye yolimi lwase-Austrian, oluphinde luhlukaniswe ngezilimi zase-Oceanian nasePolynesia. Noma kunjalo, isiNgisi siwulimi olukhulunywa kabanzi kuso sonke isiqhingi, futhi kwezinye izindawo, ikakhulukazi eGuam, kunezakhamuzi ezikhuluma iSpanishi ngenxa yezizathu ezingokwenkolo.
IMicronesia ingesinye sezifunda ezintathu eziyinhloko zamasiko kule ngxenye yoLwandlekazi iPacific, ezinye ezimbili kuyiMelanesia nePolynesia.
Umlando othile
Igama leMicronesia lisho “iziqhingi ezincane” ngesiGreki, kodwa itilosi elingumPutukezi uFerdinand Magellan, umLungu wokuqala owafika kulesi sifunda ngo-1521, wazibiza ngokuthi “iziqhingi zabaphangi,” mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuthi zazihlaselwa abantu bendawo. .Ngokuhlonipha iNkosi uCarlos II waseSpain, ISpain yabhapathiza iziqhingi ngegama elithi Las Carolinas kwaze kwaba ngu-1885 lapho amaJalimane efika futhi ezama ukubeka i-protectorate.
Uhulumeni waseSpain wabhikisha futhi wadlulisela icala eVatican. ISivumelwano SaseParis ngo-December 1898 saqeda impi phakathi kweSpain ne-United States. Madrid wathengisa amaCarolinas eJalimane ngama-peseta ayizigidi ezingu-25. Ngo-1914, iJapane yazidla lezi ziqhingi futhi yavumelana ne-United States ngohlelo lokususa impi yonke indawo, kodwa leso sivumelwano sahlakazeka ngo-1935. Ukuhlasela kwamaJapane enkanjini ye-US Air Force ePearl Harbor kwaqala eMicronesia.
Ngo-1947, uMkhandlu Wezokuphepha weNhlangano Yezizwe kanye nohulumeni wase-US banquma isiphetho sempahla yaseJapan phesheya kwezilwandle futhi bavumelana ukuthi iziqhingi zizophathwa yi-United States. NgoNovemba 1986, uMongameli uRonald Reagan wamemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuphela kokubusa kwe-US eMicronesia. Ngo-1987, i-Federated States yaseMicronesia yasungula ubudlelwano bezokuxhumana neziqhingi zaseMarshall. Ngemva konyaka, i-Israel nePapua New Guinea aqaphela indawo yaseMicronesia njengamariphabhuliki amasha, kwalandelwa iJapane neChina ngo-1989.
Ukuma komhlaba
Kanye nePalau, izifundazwe zaseMicronesia zakha iCaroline Islands, eqhele ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-800 empumalanga yePhilippines. Ihlanganisa iziqhingi ezingu-607 ezisakazwa endaweni engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-2500, indawo esebenzayo yesifundazwe ingamakhilomitha-skwele angama-700, okungaphezu kwengxenye ehambisana nesiqhingi sasePohnpei. Isimo sezwe sinezintaba. Nakuba izindlela zokuna kwemvula zincipha ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga, iziqhingi ziphazanyiswa imvula enkulu. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lonyaka lingama-27ºC. Inhlanganisela yokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezinga lokushisa elihlala njalo likhiqiza uhlaza oluluhlaza.
Isuka enkabazwe iye ku-140º latitude enyakatho. Nakuba inolwandle oluphindwe kathathu kunaseSpain (ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1.600.000), inendawo engamakhilomitha angama-700, amakhilomitha ayizi-6.112 ogwini kanye namachweba angama-4.467.
Umnotho waseMicronesia
Umsebenzi wezomnotho e-Federated States of Micronesia uhlanganisa ngokuyinhloko ukulima nokudoba. Uhulumeni uqasha izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu abadala. Umbuso uthola uxhaso olukhulu oluvela kusizo lwe-Compact of Free Association olunikezwa amandla e-US Tourism lunqunyelwe ukuba sodwa, ukuntuleka kwezindawo ezanele, kanye nokulinganiselwa kwezinto zokuhamba zangaphakathi nezamanzi.
Amandla omthetho asezandleni zikaKhongolose, uhlelo olulodwa olunamalungu ayi-14: Amaseneta ama-4 amahlandla eminyaka emi-4 namalungu ayi-10 amele izifunda zawo iminyaka emi-2.
I-Federated States of Micronesia izichaza ngokuthi “inhlangano yokuzithandela yezifunda ezine ezizimele ezigcina ukuzimela okukhulu kokuphatha izindaba zazo zangaphakathi nezinsiza, okuhlanganisa ukuxhumana nabangaphandle nokwenza izivumelwano zokuhlangana namazwe esithathu.” Inselele enkulu ebhekene ne-Federated States of Micronesia ukuthuthukiswa komnotho weqoqo leziqhingi kanye nokusimama kwezwe.
Umgwamanda omkhulu wezobulungiswa yiNkantolo Ephakeme Yezifunda Ezihlangene zaseMicronesia, amalungu ayo akhethwa nguMongameli ukugunyazwa kwe-2/3 yeCongress. Amajaji athola odilikajele.
Thumela
ISpain neMicronesia azibujabuleli ubudlelwano bezohwebo obuzinzile. Lokhu kuhumushela ekugelezeni okungashintshi unyaka wonke, okwengeza uhwebo oluphelele lwama-euro angaphezudlwana kuka-350.000 ngo-2018. Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuphakeme kakhulu kunokungenisa ngaphandle. Lokhu kubangela ibhalansi enhle yokuhweba yama-euro angu-341.530 kanye nesilinganiso sokuhlanganisa esingu-5,141%.
I-Micronesia imele cishe u-0% (0,0002%) wengqikithi yokuthunyelwa kwe-Spanish. Lokhu kunciphisa ukubaluleka kwezwe mayelana nokuhwebelana kwamazwe amabili. Inguzakwethu wokuhweba wama-207 waseSpain ngezinga lokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe.
Ukuhwebelana neMicronesia kwehlisiwe ngonyaka odlule ka-2018. Naphezu kokuba khona komkhuba omuhle eminyakeni edlule, ukuhwebelana neMicronesia yehle ngo-56% ngo-2018, yehla isuka ku-650.000 euros iye ku-348.300 euros onyakeni odlule.
Ukuhweba kuhlushwa umphumela wama-saw spikes, uhlushwa ukungazinzi okukhulu. Ukugeleza kwaminyaka yonke kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kukhiqizwa ngokwezidingo ezithile zezwe ngakho-ke kukhona ukwanda okunamandla nokunciphayo. Ukwengeza, umthamo ophansi wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe unyusa lo mphumela.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda okwengeziwe ngeMicronesia nezici zayo.