El IChibi iMaracaibo Ingummeleli omkhulu wesifunda saseZulia, esisentshonalanga yeVenezuela, ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke eLatin America kanye nelinye lamachibi amakhulu emhlabeni. Inezici nokubaluleka okuphawulekayo, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukwazi ngakho.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ngezici, i-geology, izitshalo nezilwane zeLake Maracaibo.
Izici eziyinhloko
IChibi iMaracaibo linikezwe uchungechunge lwezici ezilehlukanisa kwamanye amachibi emhlabeni, futhi mhlawumbe ngalo mqondo isici salo esikhulu kunazo zonke ukuthi liwukuphela kwechibi elihlobene ngokuqondile nolwandle. Ikakhulukazi enyakatho yalo, amagagasi olwandle atholakala emanzini anosawoti, nakuba ephuma emanzini ahlanzekile.
Ukuvakashela izici zeLake Maracaibo, singagqamisa amaphuzu alandelayo:
- Itholakala ezifundazweni ezintathu zendawo yaseVenezuela: Zulia, Trujillo kanye Merida.
- Ithathwa njengechweba elikhulu elinamanzi anosawoti elivalekile.
- Inendawo elinganiselwa kumakhilomitha-skwele ayi-13.820, ukujula okungamamitha angu-46, ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-3 nogu olungamakhilomitha angu-728.
- Ngenkathi yezimvula, leli chibi linokwelulwa okuphezulu okungamakhilomitha ayi-110, ubude bamakhilomitha ayi-160 kanye nokujula okungamamitha angama-50.
- Liyichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke eLatin America futhi lineminyaka engaba ngu-36 ubudala.
- Ihlangana neGulf of Venezuela endaweni encane engaba amakhilomitha angama-55.
- Iphakelwa imifula eminingana, omkhulu kunayo yonke iCatatumbo, ephuma eColombia, kodwa futhi inemifula elandelayo: Chama, Escalante, Santa Ana, Apon, Motatan, Palmar, njll.
- Inezinqolobane zikawoyela ezibalulekile ezitsheni zayo futhi seyimbe imithombo engaphezu kuka-15.000 kusukela ngo-1914.
- Kunombukwane omuhle kuleli chibi, obizwa ngokuthi i-Catatumbo Lightning, lapho imibani engaba ngu-1.176.000 kwenzeka ngonyaka futhi iwusizo kakhulu ekugcwaliseni lonke ungqimba lwe-ozone osemkhathini (olwaziwa ngokuthi i-Coquivacoa aborigine).
Isimo sezulu saseLake Maracaibo
Isimo sezulu endaweni ezungeze iLake Maracaibo sinomswakama oshisayo, njengoba amanzi awo amaningi enza izinga lokushisa likhuphuke, ngakho leli chibi, kanye nedolobha lilonke, liyafudumala.
Ihlobo lifushane, lishisa kakhulu futhi liguqubele, kodwa ubusika bude, nakuba ukushisa kugcinwa nesibhakabhaka esiguqubele. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa liyahluka kancane unyaka wonke phakathi kuka-28°C no-40°C.
Esinye isici esihlobene nesimo sezulu yileso esenzeka eningizimu yeChibi iMaracaibo, sesishilo kakade ngombani weCatatumbo, ozibonakalisa njengombani ocishe ungapheli owayo, njengombukiso omkhulu okhanyisa esibhakabhakeni sedolobha.
Umsuka waleli qiniso usekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi ifu likhula liqonde futhi ikhiqiza uchungechunge lokukhishwa okubonwa phakathi kwe-1 ne-4 km ukuphakama. Lokhu kungenxa yomswakama ophezulu ebusweni beLake Maracaibo, kuhlangene nochungechunge lwemimoya kanye nokuphakama kwechibi lechibi ngokuphathelene nezintaba ezizungezile, okuhambisana neSierra de Perijá neSierra de Perijá Cordillera de Merida.
Isici esithakazelisayo mayelana nemvula eLake Maracaibo ukuthi ingxenye eseningizimu ithola imvula engaphezu kwengxenye esenyakatho yomfula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imimoya yokuhweba ihamba phezu kwamanzi ibheke enyakatho-mpumalanga-eningizimu-ntshonalanga.
I-Geology yeLake Maracaibo
Ukuqala nge-geology yeLake Maracaibo, sithola ukuthi yayiyingxenye yesigodi somfula esakhiwe ngesikhathi seJurassic, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi seMesozoic Era lapho uMhlaba wawuphila eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-145 edlule. Ichibi, elithatha isimo se-tectonic rift noma i-crater, kusukela ekuhlukaneni kwePangea, igama elanikezwa uMhlaba ngenkathi uMhlaba uyizwekazi elikhulu futhi uhlukaniswe ukunyakaza kwamapuleti e-tectonic
Ngemva kwalokhu, leli chibi lidlula ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zokwakheka kobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, libe yingxenye yolwandle noma libonakale lomile. Kodwa bekulokhu kusesimweni samachibi anamanzi ahlanzekile aphakathi nezwe kusukela ePliocene, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-2,59 edlule. Umfula weLake Maracaibo ubonakala ngamaphutha amathathu okuma komhlaba: i-Oka-Ancón, i-Bocono ne-Santa Marta, okuyenza ibe yindawo ethathwa njengendawo enobungozi bokuzamazama komhlaba.
Ngokusho kwe-geology yayo, leli chibi lazalelwa eMiocene eminyakeni eyizigidi ezinhlanu edlule, ngokubonakala kwezilwane ezincelisayo eziguqukile, futhi esikhathini esilandelayo sokuma komhlaba kwaba ukucindezeleka kwamanje, okwaziwa kangcono ngokuthi iLake Po Lamahhashi. Ichazwa yiyo yonke imifula egeleza kuyo. Yile ndlela i-delta eseningizimu yechibi eyakhiwe ngayo, ukuhlangana kwemifula efana ne-Escalante, i-Santa Ana ne-Catatumbo.
Isici esaziwa ngokuthi i-Lake Maracaibo Depression siwumgodi we-tectonic owehla kancane kancane njengoba i-Sierra de Perijá kanye ne-Andes iphakama.
Kuye kwenziwa uphenyo oluningana endaweni engaphansi lapho ukucindezeleka kwenzeka khona, njengoba lokhu kubhekwa njengento eyenzeka ezindaweni ezimbalwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ngakolunye uhlangothi iyacwila kanti ngakolunye iqukethe umthombo omkhulu wengcebo eVenezuela, ngaphezu kokujoyina oLwandle lweCaribbean.
Izimbali nezilwane
Kukholakala ukuthi amanzi eLake Maracaibo anomoya-mpilo owanele, yingakho enothile ngolwelwe ngakho-ke ezinhlanzini. Ihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane.
I-taxidermy yaleli chibi ihlanganisa: ama-alligator, herons, shrimp, iguanas, crabs blue, catfish, pelicans, groupers, bocachicos, mullets ebomvu, ama-croakers aphuzi, amanye ama-curassows ngisho namahlengethwa. Kukhona ngisho nezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ezitholakala echibini, njengeLamontichthys maracaibero, inhlanzi emndenini we-Loricariidae edinga amanzi anomoya-mpilo ophezulu ukuze iphile.
Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezakha izimila zaleli chibi kunezitshalo eziningi zikakhukhunathi, nakuba zikhona ezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla ezwekazini, njenge- apamate, i-cují yaque, i-vera nezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile, njenge-neem, okuyinto zihlotshaniswa nomgomo wokunciphisa cishe wonke amazinga okushisa aphakeme phakathi nonyaka njengoba kudinga amanzi amancane kakhulu nokunakekelwa, kuyilapho kunikeza umthunzi omningi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda okwengeziwe ngeLake Maracaibo nezici zalo.