Un i-geostationary satellite ingeyokuphakama kwayo nesivinini okuhambisana nezinga loMhlaba lokuzungeza futhi ibonakala ihlezi imile Emhlabeni. Bangakwazi ukuhlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu futhi banikeze amasevisi afana ne-TV yesathelayithi, umsakazo, izibikezelo zesimo sezulu, nokuningi. Lawa masathelayithi abaluleke kakhulu kumuntu.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ngezici, indawo, ubuchwepheshe nokunye okuningi kwesathelayithi ye-geostationary.
Iyini isathelayithi ye-geostationary
Izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zenkathi yasemkhathini zibe nomthelela onjalo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke, njengokusungulwa kwamasathelayithi okuxhumana. Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka nje, baye bafinyelela ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude kakhulu zomhlaba ngale ndlela cishe zazingenakucatshangwa esikhathini esingeside esidlule.
Eqinisweni, namuhla kungenzeka ukukhuluma ngokuqondile nabaqwali eMount Everest noma ukuxhumana nge-Internet cishe nganoma yisiphi isimiso sekhompyutha esisebusweni boMhlaba, konke ngosizo lwamasathelayithi okuxhumana.
Amasathelayithi okuxhumana asebenza ezinhlotsheni eziningi zemizila, kusukela kumaqoqo ezinkanyezi asemhlabeni ophansi njenge-Globalstar kuya ku-eccentric futhi ethambekele kakhulu emzileni we-Molniya osetshenziswa yi-Russian Federation. Kodwa-ke, uhlobo olubaluleke kakhulu lwe-orbit yalezi ziphuphutheki i-geostationary orbit, efanelekile hhayi kuphela ukuxhumana ngesathelayithi, kodwa futhi nokubhekwa kwesimo sezulu kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza.
Amasathelayithi e-Geostationary azungeza inkabazwe ngesivinini esifanayo njengoba uzungeza Umhlaba, kanye ngosuku, futhi aqondaniswe ne-geostationary orbit. Azungeza a cishe indawo eqondile endaweni yoMhlaba enkabazwe ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angama-35.900. Lokhu kumisa kuvumela ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwendawo ethile kuyilapho inkambu yokubuka ihlanganisa cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yobuso boMhlaba.
Zilala ncamashi kunkabazwe yoMhlaba futhi zizungeza uMhlaba ngemizila eyindilinga. Zijikeleza ngesivinini esifanayo ncamashi nendlela (entshonalanga kuye empumalanga) njengoMhlaba, zizenze zime endaweni yoMhlaba. Isathelayithi ye-geostationary kufanele ibe ibanga elithile ukusuka eMhlabeni, ngaphandle kwalokho izokwehla endaweni ephakeme, ngakho-ke uma iba kude kakhulu noMhlaba, iyobalekela ngokuphelele insimu yamandla adonsela phansi yoMhlaba.
Amasathelayithi e-Geostationary athuthukise futhi ashintsha ukuxhumana emhlabeni wonke, kusukela ekusakazweni kukamabonakude kuya ekubikezelweni kwesimo sezulu. Futhi banezicelo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezindaweni zezobunhloli namasu ezempi.
Izici eziyinhloko
Itemu elithi geostationary satellite livela eqinisweni lokuthi amasathelayithi anjalo abonakala acishe amile esibhakabhakeni uma ewabuka eMhlabeni. Izindlela ze-orbital zamasathelayithi e-geostationary zaziwa ngokuthi ibhande lika-Clark, eliqanjwe ngomlobi wezinganekwane zesayensi u-Arthur Clark, ohlonishwa ngalo mbono.
Washicilela iphepha ngo-1945 eliphakamisa ukuthi amasathelayithi okwenziwa angasetshenziswa njengokudluliselwa kokuxhumana ngemva kokucwaninga ngocwaningo lwamarokhethi olwenziwa eJalimane phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. I-geosynchronous orbit yokuqala eyimpumelelo yaba ngo-1963 kanye ne-geostationary orbit yokuqala ngo-1964.
Uma isethelayithi noma umkhumbi-mkhathi ukuzungeza kwe-geosynchronous, ivunyelaniswa nokuzungeza komhlaba, kodwa i-orbit itshekele ngasendizeni yenkabazwe. Amasathelayithi akule mizila ashintsha i-latitude kodwa ahlale kubude obufanayo. Lokhu kwehluka ku-geostationary orbit ngoba amasathelayithi ahamba endaweni yawo futhi awakhiyeki endaweni eyodwa esibhakabhakeni.
Amasathelayithi e-Geostationary ahlala endaweni eyodwa ngenkathi emboze indawo efanayo yoMhlaba futhi angahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo, ezifana nomabonakude, ezokuxhumana, nezithombe, ukuze izindawo ezithile noma izindawo zobuso boMhlaba ngendlela ebikezelwayo nengaguquguquki. Isathelayithi okumele ihlale ishayelwa endaweni ethile.
Indawo yesathelayithi ye-Geostationary
Lawa masathelayithi atholakala endaweni ephakeme, ebavumela ukuthi balinganise yonke indawo engaphezulu komhlaba, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezincane eziseningizimu nasenyakatho, okuwusizo ocwaningweni lwezezulu. Izitsha zesathelayithi eziqonde kakhulu zinciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwesignali kusuka emithonjeni yasemhlabeni namanye amasathelayithi.
Umkhakha we-orbital iyindandatho encane kakhulu endizeni yenkabazwe; ngakho-ke, inani elincane kakhulu lamasathelayithi lingahlala kulowo mkhakha ngaphandle kokungqubuzana nokushayisana. Indawo eqondile yamasathelayithi e-geostationary ishintshashintsha kancane njalo emahoreni angama-24. Ukushintshashintsha okunjalo kwenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwamandla adonsela phansi phakathi kwamasathelayithi, uMhlaba, iLanga, iNyanga, namanye amaplanethi.
Kuthatha cishe isekhondi elingu-1/4 ukuthi isignali yomsakazo ihambe futhi isuke kusathelayithi, okuholela ekubambezelekeni kwesignali encane kodwa ebalulekile. Lokhu kulinda kuyinkinga yezokuxhumana ezisebenzisanayo, njengezingxoxo zocingo.
i-geostationary orbit
I-geostationary orbit iyi-orbit ekhethekile lapho noma iyiphi isathelayithi izovela imile endaweni ethile endaweni yomhlaba. Noma kunjalo, Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zokuzungeza, ezingaba nenani lemizila, i-geostationary orbit inomunye kuphela.
Kunoma iyiphi i-geostationary orbit, kufanele kuqala ibe yi-geosynchronous orbit. I-geosynchronous orbit inoma iyiphi i-orbit enenkathi elingana nesikhathi sokuzungeza komhlaba.
Kodwa-ke, le mfuneko ayanele ukuqinisekisa isikhundla esinqunyiwe mayelana noMhlaba. Ngenkathi yonke imijikelezo ye-geostationary kufanele ibe yi-geostationary, akuwona wonke ama-geostationary orbits ane-geostationary. Ngeshwa, la magama avame ukusetshenziswa ngokushintshana.
Isikhathi esiningi, sicabanga ngokuzungeza komhlaba njengokukalwa kuqhathaniswa nendawo emaphakathi yeLanga. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ilanga lihamba lihlobene nezinkanyezi (indawo ene-inertial) ngenxa yokuzungeza komhlaba, isilinganiso sosuku lwelanga asisona isikhathi sokuzungeza esinqumayo. .
Isathelayithi ye-geosynchronous izungeza Umhlaba ngenani elifanayo lesikhathi elisithathayo ukuze umhlaba ujikeleze kanye esikhaleni esingenalutho (noma esingashintshi). Lesi sikhathi saziwa njengosuku oluseceleni futhi silingana no-23:56:04 okusho isikhathi selanga. Ingekho omunye umphumela, isikhathi ngasinye lapho isathelayithi enalesi sikhathi ibuyela endaweni ethile emzileni wayo, uMhlaba uzozimisa ngendlela efanayo emkhathini we-inertial.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesathelayithi ye-geostationary nezici zayo.