El I-Gaia Space Telescope kuwumsebenzi othuthukisiwe wesayensi yezinkanyezi owethulwe yi-European Space Agency (ESA) ngenhloso eyinhloko yokwenza imephu enembayo nenemininingwane yendawo, ukunyakaza kanye nezici zomzimba zezinkanyezi ezingaba yisigidigidi emthaleni wethu, i-Milky Way. Ukwethulwa kwayo kwenzeka ngoDisemba 19, 2013 e-Kourou Spaceport, eFrench Guiana. Kuze kube manje, ziningi izinto ezitholwe yile telescope.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi yikuphi okuyinhloko okutholwe yi-Gaia Space Telescope nezici zayo.
Izici ze-Gaia Space Telescope
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu ze-Gaia yikhono layo lokulinganisa izikhundla zezinkanyezi ngokunemba okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili, okufinyelela kuma-microarcseconds ayinkulungwane. Lokhu kubangela ukunemba okukhulu kwezinkanyezi ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu ezinikeza ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nokusatshalaliswa kwendawo kwezinkanyezi ku-Milky Way. Ngaphandle kwalokho, I-Gaia ingakwazi ukunquma ama-radial velocities ezinkanyezi ngokunemba okumangalisayo, enikeza idatha ebalulekile ukuze kuqondwe ukuguquguquka komthala wethu.
Ukuze afinyelele lezi zilinganiso ezinembayo, i-Gaia isebenzisa isibuko esiyinhloko sobubanzi obuyimitha elingu-1.5 kanye namathuluzi amabili ayinhloko: i-Astrometry, enomthwalo wemfanelo wokulinganisa ukuma nokunyakaza kwenkanyezi, kanye ne-Spectrograph, eklanyelwe ukuhlaziya ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nezinga lokushisa lezinkanyezi. Lawa mathuluzi asebenza ndawonye ukuze aqoqe idatha esivumela ukuthi sakhe imephu yenkanyezi enezinhlangothi ezintathu futhi siqonde kangcono ukwakheka nokuvela kwe-Milky Way.
Isici esiyingqayizivele se-Gaia ikhono layo lokubuka inkanyezi ngayinye ngokuphindaphindiwe phakathi nomsebenzi wayo, ihlinzeka ngezilinganiso eziningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu akuthuthukisi nje ukunemba kwezilinganiso kuphela, kodwa futhi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthola ukuhluka ekukhanyeni kwezinkanyezi, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuhloleni izenzakalo ze-astrophysical ezifana nokuba khona kwama-exoplanet ezinhlelweni zezinkanyezi.
Ngaphezu kokugxila kwayo okuyinhloko kumephu yezinkanyezi, i-Gaia iphinde yaba negalelo elikhulu kwezinye izindawo zesayensi yezinkanyezi, njengokuhlonza ama-asteroids ohlelweni lwethu sonozungezilanga, ukucwaninga kwama-dwarfs ansundu kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezigaba ezihlukahlukene zezinkanyezi eziguquguqukayo.
Ukutholwa kwe-Gaia Space Telescope
Muva nje, i-European Space Agency (ESA) ishicilele iqoqo eliphelele lemiphumela evela kusibonakude sasemkhathini i-Gaia. Ikakhulukazi, lokhu okutholakele kufaka phakathi ukuhlonzwa kwezinkanyezi ezingaziwa ngaphambili ezingama-500.000 phakathi kweqoqo lenkanyezi ye-Omega Centauri, ukutholwa kwamalensi anamandla adonsela phansi angaphezu kuka-380 avumela. ukubhekwa kwemithala ekude kanye nokuma okuthuthukisiwe kwama-asteroid angaphezu kuka-150.000.
Imiphumela, eyeqa izinhloso zokuqala ezibekelwe i-Gaia yi-European Space Agency (ESA), itholwe ngokuhlaziywa kwedatha yesithathu yokushicilela ngo-2022. Lokhu okutholakele, okubandakanya ukunwetshwa kocwaningo, kufaka isandla Ikhathalogi ephelele kakhulu ye-Milky Way eyake yahlanganiswa, ehlanganisa izindawo zezinkanyezi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.800.
Ikhono likaGaia lokubona ngokunemba okukhulu lilinganiselwe ezindaweni ezithile zomthala wethu lapho ukugcwala kwezinkanyezi kuphakeme kangangokuthi ukuzihlukanisa ngazinye kuba cishe akunakwenzeka. Lezi zifunda zaziwa ngokuthi amaqoqo e-globular, anokubaluleka okubalulekile kwesayensi ngenxa yesimo sazo njengezinye zezinto ezindala kakhulu endaweni yonke.
Ukuze badlule amandla ka-Gaia okulinganisa, abahleli bemishini bakhethe i-Omega Centauri, okuyiqoqo lembulunga elinwebeka kakhulu elibonakala eMhlabeni futhi Itholakala cishe ku-18.300 light years away. Leli qoqo liyikhaya lezinkanyezi ezicishe zibe izigidi eziyi-10. Ukuze kwenziwe lolu cwaningo, kwasetshenziswa indlela eyingqayizivele ukuze kubonwe indawo ezungeze umnyombo weqoqo, lapho ukuminyana kwezinkanyezi kungaphansi kancane.
Ngenxa yalo mzamo, Zingaphezu kuka-500.000 izinkanyezi ezingaziwa kuze kube manje. Lokhu kutholakala okubalulekile kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba kungasivumeli kuphela ukuthi sibhale ngokugcwele inani lezinkanyezi ze-Gaia, kodwa, njengoba kushiwo ngu-Alexey Mints we-Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics ePotsdam kanye nomhlanganyeli wephrojekthi, kusinika ithuba lokuba hlola ngokucophelela ukwakheka kweqoqo kanye nemizila yezinkanyezi eziyingxenye yalo. Ngenxa yalokho, sizokwazi ukwakha imephu ephelele nenwebekayo ye-Omega Centauri.
Ukuhlolwa komkhathi kwamaqoqo ezinkanyezi
Ukunqoba kuka-Gaia no-Omega Centauri kugqugquzele ukuhlolwa kwamanye amaqoqo ayisishiyagalombili embulunga yonke. Ukuphenya ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwalezi zindikimba zasemkhathini kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni iminyaka yomthala wethu kanye nokuqonda uhambo loguquko oluluthathile kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo.
Nakuba umgomo oyinhloko we-mission ka-Gaia kuwukwenza imephu ye-Milky Way, ikwazile nokuhlonza izehlakalo eziningi okukholakala ukuthi zingamalensi adonsela phansi. Lawa ma-lens avela lapho ukukhanya okufiphele okukhishwa into ekude kukhubazekile njengoba idlula endaweni equkethe ukuqoqwana okubalulekile kwesisindo endleleni eya kumathuluzi ethu. Lokhu kuhlanekezela kukhulisa ukukhanya kwento futhi kukhiqiza izithombe zayo eziningi. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona imithala ekude ngokumangalisayo.
Ngaphakathi kocwaningo olusha, Kunamalensi anamandla adonsela phansi angaba ngu-381 ahlobene nama-quasars. Lawa ma-quasar ayizimbobo zemithala etholakala ebangeni elikhulu ngendlela emangalisayo futhi aziwa ngokuba nezimbobo ezimnyama ezinkulu kakhulu ezidla izinto eziphilayo.
Isifundo se-Universe
Isifundo somkhathi wokuqala sincike kakhulu ekubalukeni kwama-quasars. NgokukaChristine Ducourant, ilungu le-Gaia nelungu le-Bordeaux Astrophysics Laboratory e-France, lokhu kutholwa kuwumthombo oyigugu wezazi zendawo yonke. Iqoqo elibanzi kunawo wonke lama-quasars anamandla ake akhululwa ngasikhathi sinye, futhi linikeza amathuba amakhulu ocwaningo nokuhlola.
Phakathi kwamalensi adonsela phansi ahlonzwe i-Gaia, ingqikithi emihlanu inamandla okuhlukaniswa njengokuwela i-Einstein, isenzakalo esiyivelakancane ngendlela emangalisayo lapho ukuqondanisa phakathi kwenqwaba yenqwaba yangaphambili kanye ne-galaxy ekude kuphumela ekukhiqizeni amakhophi amane ahlukene ukuhlangana. njengephethini.
Isimemezelo se-ESA akuvezi nje kuphela imiphumela, kodwa futhi inikeza ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwama-asteroid angu-156.823. Lolu lwazi olusha lunamandla okuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu imizila yawo ngenani elibalulekile elingu-20. Ukwengeza, ukulethwa kwedatha kwesine kwe-Gaia, okulindeleke ukuthi kuqedwe ekupheleni kuka-2025, kulindeleke ukuthi kube neqhaza ekuphindaphindeni kwama-asteroids.
I-ESA iphinde yembula ucwaningo lwayo ngothuli lwe-galactic njengengxenye yezifundo zayo. Ikakhulukazi, umkhankaso uqoqe i-spectra yokukhanya eyizigidi eziyisithupha, enikeza izazi zezinkanyezi ukuqonda okujulile kokwakheka kwe-interstellar medium.
Ngemva kokuhlolwa ngokucophelela, iqembu lososayensi elaziwa ngokuthi U-Gaia ufunde ngokujulile izinkanyezi ezinkulu ezibomvu ezingu-10.000 ezibonisa ukuguquguquka okujwayelekile ekukhanyeni kwazo. Lezi zinkanyezi ezithile zifakiwe kukhathalogi ebanzi ekhiqizwe esigabeni sesithathu semishini, ehlanganisa cishe izinkanyezi eziyizigidi ezimbili ezinezimpawu ezahlukahlukene.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesibonakude sasemkhathini i-Gaia kanye nokutholakele kwayo.