I-Edaphology yisayensi esencane impela inhloso yayo enkulu ukutadisha inhlabathi. Kuvela ekupheleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka elidlule futhi lifunda inhlabathi ngokombono wonke. Funda i-morphology, ukwakheka, izakhiwo, ukwakheka, ukusatshalaliswa, intela yomnotho, usizo, ukululama nokongiwa. Ligatsha elifundelwa nakwisayensi yezemvelo ngoba linezinhlelo ezinhle kwezemvelo.
Ngakho-ke, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela zonke izici, indawo yokufunda kanye nemiqondo ye-edaphology.
Izici eziyinhloko
Ku-edaphology kunomqondo wenhlabathi nomhlaba ovame ukudukisa. Kodwa-ke, inhlabathi ibhekwa njengengqimba ephezulu yomhlaba oqinile weplanethi. Lolu ungqimba lwakhiwa isimo sezulu samadwala lapho kungatshalwa khona izitshalo. Umhlabathi uyindawo ethile yemvelo yezinhlobo ezithile zezinto eziphilayo futhi ngenxa yalokhu zingakhula futhi zikhiqize. Umqondo wenhlabathi ungashiwo futhi njengenhlanganisela engacishe ifinyeleleke kancane yezingcezwana zamatshe nezinto zomsuka ophilayo okuthi, kanye neziphuzo kanye namagesi ezilinganisweni ezingafani, ahlangabezane namandla athile okukhiqiza.
Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi i-edaphology ibalulekile emagatsheni amaningi. Isibonelo, lapho utadisha usizo lomhlabathi kwezolimo, kubalulekile ukwazi zonke izingxenye zawo namandla okukhiqiza onawo. Lapho izinhlayiya zivame ukutadishwa, kufanele kubhekwe ezinye izici ezibalulekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici zendawo lapho itholakala khona kanye nezici ezithile zenhlabathi. Phakathi kwalezi zici sinokwakheka, i-morphology nezakhiwo.
Lapho sihlaziya izici zendawo yokwenza ucwaningo kusayensi yezomhlabathi, kufanele sinake izici ezibalulekile. Lokhu kungokulandelayo:
- Isimo se-Terrain: sihambisana nesici sokukhululeka lapho kwakhiwe khona inhlabathi.
- Umthambeko: ithambeka yizinga lokuthambekela kosizo. Umthambeka kufanele unqunywe ngokunembile ngangokunokwenzeka. Imvamisa kuvame ukubhekiswa maphakathi nomthambeka lapho kungumhlabathi khona.
- Izimila: izimila ezisetshenziswa kahle ezinikezwa umhlaba ziyafundwa ukuze kubonakale uhlobo lokutshala olukhona, kungaba olwenziwe noma olwenziwe ngokwemvelo. Uma sikhuluma ngokufakelwayo sibhekisa ezitshalweni ezitshalwe ngabantu.
- Isimo sezulu: isimo sezulu sincishisiwe kusukela emininingwaneni enikezwa iziteshi zezulu. Ngokuya ngesimo sezulu sendawo, izici zenhlabathi yayo zivame ukwehluka.
Izici ze-edaphology
Sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izici ezisemqoka ze-edaphology ezihlobene nezimpawu zenhlabathi. Okokuqala okumele kufundelwe enhlabathini yi-morphology yayo. Kusukela ku-morphology, i-horizons, umbala, ukuthungwa, i-porosity, isici semvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo, okwenziwa ngabantu nokwakhiwa kuyafundwa. Zonke lezi zici zibalulekile ukuhlaziya inhlabathi ngokuphelele. Sizobona ukuthi wonke la maphuzu ayini nokuthi amayelana nani.
Amakhemikhali e-Edaphic
Amahora abhekisa ekwehlukaneni kwe-morphological kwenhlabathi ukusungula uhlelo oluqinile lwamagama. Ikhethwe ngofeleba okhombisa uhlobo lofuzo. Ezinye izinhlamvu zisetshenziselwa ama-horizons e-organic, ezinye zenzelwe ama-horizons we-mineral kanti abanye ukubona ukuthi iziphi izingqimba ezakhiwe ngento yokuqala eguqulwe kancane. Ezinye zezinhlamvu zingase zihambisane nezinye ukuchaza isici esibalulekile esingafakwanga encazelweni kasonhlamvukazi ofanayo. Lokhu kuvame ukuba yinombolo.
Amahora wesikhashana yilawo atholakala phakathi kwemibhalo emibili. Ngale ndlela, siyabona ukuthi laba bantu banezindawo ezixubekile futhi kunzima ukukhetha eyodwa yazo. Amahora oxubile yilezo ezitholakala phakathi kothishanhloko ababili ezifakwe ngaphakathi ngendlela yokuthi zibe yingxube ephelele. Kuhlukile kolunye ushintsho phakathi kwalezi zakhiwo zombili luxubeke ngokuphelele.
Umbala nokuthungwa kwisayensi yenhlabathi
Umbala wesitezi uhluka kakhulu kepha futhi ubaluleke kakhulu. I-matrix ye-horizons nobukhona bamabala kwehlukile lapho kukhonjwa izinhlobo zenhlabathi. Wonke amaminerali abalulekile akha ingxenyen yobumba amhlophe ngokombala. Kodwa-ke, akuwona lo mbala ojwayelekile okhishwa phansi onawo. Umbala ngokwawo awuyona impahla engenamsebenzi, kepha kunalokho usinikeza izici eziningi ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi nokuziphatha kwayo.
Ngokuqondene nokuthungwa, kumayelana nendlela izinhlayiya zenhlabathi ezisatshalaliswa ngosayizi. Ukuzimisela kwayo kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhlaziya okuhambisanayo. Kodwa-ke, ensimini ungabona ngokungaqondile amabhola amancane phakathi kweminwe ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwenhlangano oluzayo. Ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuthile, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zemibhalo yenhlabathi zingahlukaniswa.
Ukulangazelela, izici nokusebenza kwabantu
Ukuzimisela kwe-porosity kufanele kwenziwe ngezindlela ezingaqondile kanye nokungena. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili busiza ekunqumeni ubukhulu nokugcinwa kwamanzi kwenhlabathi. Amandla okugcina amanzi abalulekile uma umhlabathi uzosetshenziselwa ukulima noma ukulima. Zonke zingasazisa mayelana nenani eliphelele lama-cigars akhona emhlabathini. Akusiniki indlela ama-pores asatshalaliswa ngayo emhlabathini noma ukuma kwawo noma ukuma kwawo. Kodwa-ke, ulwazi olunqumayo lwezici ezithile zenhlabathi.
Esinye isici esivelele ukubhujiswa okulinganiselwe phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi. Ezimweni eziningi imvamisa kwanele ukuchaza ukusebenza kwayo. Lapho sikhuluma ngezici zemvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo, sichaza ubukhona besilwane noma ubufakazi baso ngasikhathi esithile. Isibonelo, kungahle kube nezinsalela ezivela kuma-metamorphoses, zemibukiso, izidleke, njll. Makube yizici zobukhona besilwane. Imisebenzi yabantu nayo ibalulekile ukuhlaziya enhlabathini ezosetshenziselwa yona. Ukuba khona kwezingcezu zikaLozada, imfucumfucu, ubufakazi bemfucumfucu noma noma yini engaphandle komhlaba nokuthi kunobufakazi bokungenelela komuntu kubalulekile ukuthi kuhlaziywe.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-edaphology nokuthi iwufunda kanjani umhlabathi.