Un i-fireball kusayensi yezinkanyezi kuyisenzakalo sasezulwini esidonsa ukunaka kwethu futhi sisenze sibheke phezulu esibhakabhakeni. Uma sikhuluma ngamabhola omlilo, sibhekisela kulokho kubaneka okukhanyayo okuvela ngokushesha ebusuku, okushiya umzila okhanyayo ekuvukeni kwawo. Kodwa iyini ngempela imoto?
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi iyini imoto, izici zayo, izinhlobo nezenzakalo zomlando.
Iyini i-bolide ku-astronomy
Singasho ukuthi luhlobo "lwenkanyezi yokudubula ethuthukisiwe". Ngokungafani nezinkanyezi ezidubulayo ezivamile, eziyizinhlayiya zothuli ezincane ezisha lapho zingena emkhathini womhlaba, amabhola omlilo ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Ziyizingxenyana ezinkulu ze-cosmic material, njengama-asteroids noma izinkanyezi ezinomsila, ezilimaza emkhathini wethu ngesivinini esikhulu.
Uma i-fireball inqamula esibhakabhakeni, ukungqubuzana nomoya kubangela ukuthi into ishise ngokushesha. Lokhu kudala ukusabela kokukhanya okunamandla, okungakhanya njengenyanga egcwele futhi kukhanyise ngisho nendawo yonke yasebusuku. Kungumbukwane ohlaba umxhwele.
Ubuhle bezimoto ezigijimayo busekudluleni kwazo. Ngokungafani nezinkanyezi ezihlala endaweni efanayo, amabhola omlilo atshuza esibhakabhakeni ngokushesha, anyamalale ngemva kwemizuzwana noma imizuzu.
Izimoto zomjaho Zivame ukubonwa ngesikhathi semvula ye-meteor., izehlakalo zezinkanyezi lapho uMhlaba udlula endaweni yesikhala lapho kunokugcwala okuphezulu kwezingcezu ze-cosmic. Lezi zingcezu zingena emkhathini wethu ngamanani amakhulu, zenze umbukwane ohlaba umxhwele nakakhulu wamabhola omlilo azulazula esibhakabhakeni.
Izici eziphawulekayo
Lezi zinto ze-cosmic zihamba ngesivinini esikhulu njengoba zigijima zibheke eMhlabeni, ngokuvamile ezidlula amakhilomitha angu-60 ngomzuzwana. Bangabonisa nemibala egqamile nehlukahlukene. Njengoba zisha emkhathini, zingakhipha imibala esukela komhlophe qwa kuye kophuzi, osawolintshi, oluhlaza okotshani, ngisho noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ububanzi bemibala bumane bumangalisa futhi bungeza ukuthinta komlingo emcimbini.
Esinye isici esiphawulekayo umkhondo abawushiya ngemuva. Njengoba into ye-cosmic igijima emkhathini woMhlaba, ingashiya umzila wokukhanya ophikelela imizuzwana embalwa noma ngisho nemizuzu ngemva kokuba i-bolide isinyamalele. Lo mzila ungaba nezimo ezihlukene futhi unganwebeka ibanga elide esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, udale isithombe esikhumbulekayo nesingenakulibaleka.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amabhola omlilo awameleli usongo oluqondile kithi. Nakuba zingase zibukeke zihlaba umxhwele futhi ngezinye izikhathi zihlukana zibe izingcezu ezincane, eziningi zazo ziyanyamalala emkhathini ngaphambi kokuba zifike emhlabeni. Kuyaqabukela, lapho sezinkulu ngokwanele, ezinye izingcezu zingasinda ekushiseni okukhulu futhi zifinyelele phezulu, zibe ama-meteorite.
Izehlakalo zomlando lapho kube khona ukuqubuka
Ngo-2013, ukuwa kwe-meteorite yaseChelyabinsk kwaqondana nokudlula kwe-asteroid 2012 DA14 (okwamanje 367943 Duende). Ukuzimela okusobala phakathi kwalezi zenzakalo ezimbili, kanye nenkomba engenzeka yokuthi izehlakalo ezinjalo zingase zivame kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa ekuqaleni, kuholele ekubuyekezweni kwezinga lokwehla kwama-superbolides emhlabeni.
Kunobunzima obuningi ekwenzeni irekhodi lezibalo lokutholwa kwe-superbolide. Ngokwesibonelo, okwamanje kunezinto eziningi esibhakabhakeni ezingadidaniswa namabhola omlilo, futhi lezo kuphela eziseduze nezixuku noma ezikhanya kakhulu ezingatholwa.
Izakhamuzi ngaphambi kokunqotshwa komoya, ngaphandle kwasezindaweni zasemaphandleni ezikude kakhulu, azibanga nankinga yokuhlanganisa lezi zenzakalo nezingezona ezomlilo. Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi ukubonwa kwe-fireball kanye ne-meteor kuye kwabikwa kabanzi kwabezindaba emhlabeni wonke eminyakeni edlule, lena indawo ekahle yocwaningo lwezibalo lokubonwa kwe-superbolide yomlando.
Ukwengeza olwazini lwamanje lwamabhola omlilo, isizindalwazi sokutholwa kwe-meteorite kusukela ngo-1750 kuze kube manje salungiswa. Kususelwa emandleni alo mkhakha wocwaningo, kwahlaziywa izindatshana zezindaba zomlando ezingaphezu kuka-1,000 ukuze kutholwe izindaba ezihlobene nama-meteorite amakhulu namabhola omlilo. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukucacisa izici ezithile: indawo yendawo yomcimbi, izigaba ezisihlukanisa ngokwesimo saso, i-sonic boom, izinsalela ezingaba khona ezitholakele kanye nezinye izici okufanele zigqanyiswe, njengombala, umkhondo noma ubude besikhathi somcimbi. okubonwayo.
Bahlola iminyaka engu-150 yamakhophi ephephandaba i-New York Times phakathi kuka-1850 no-2000 uthole izehlakalo ezingama-420 ezingathathwa njengeziqhumane. Imibhalo enikezwe i-Digital Newspaper Library yoMtapo Wezincwadi Kazwelonke nayo yaboniswa, kanye nomtapo wezincwadi wephephandaba wephephandaba i-ABC, kwatholakala kuleli cala izehlakalo ezingama-200 ezasakazwa kusukela ngo-1750 kuze kube manje.
Ukulandelela kanye nezinhlobo zezimoto
Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokulandelela izimoto ingokuxhumana kwamakhamera wevidiyo nezithombe atholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene. Lawa makhamera aklanyelwe ukuthwebula izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu zesibhakabhaka ebusuku futhi aqophe ngokuzenzakalelayo noma yimuphi umcimbi wokukhanya, njengokuvela kwebhola lomlilo. Ngokuhlanganisa nokuhlaziya izithombe ezivela kumakhamera amaningi, abacwaningi bangakwazi ukuthola umkhondo onembile we-bolide, isivinini sayo, nokuphakama kwayo emkhathini.
Ngaphezu kwamakhamera okulandelela, imitshina ye-infrasound namaza omsakazo nawo asetshenziselwa ukuqapha izimoto. Lezi zitholi ziyakwazi ukubamba umsindo namaza kagesi akhiqizwa amabhola omlilo njengoba edlula emkhathini. Le datha inikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana namandla akhishiwe, ubukhulu kanye nokuphakama kwento okukhulunywa ngayo.
Mayelana nezinhlobo zamabhola omlilo, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: amabhola omlilo e-meteoric namabhola omkhathi. Amabhola omlilo ayizingxenyana zezinto ze-cosmic, ngokuvamile ama-asteroid noma imfucumfucu yenkanyezi enomsila, engena emkhathini woMhlaba futhi ishe ngenxa yokungqubuzana. Lezi izimoto ezivame kakhulu zokugijima kanye Babhekene nezihlambi ezidumile ze-meteor, njengePerseids noma iLeonids.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziqhumane zomlilo zasemkhathini ziyizinto ezivela ngale kwesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. Lezi kungaba izingcezu zezinkanyezi ezithathwe amandla adonsela phansi eLanga, noma izinsalela zezinto ezikude kakhulu, njengezinkanyezi ezibalekayo noma amafu othuli. Amabhola omlilo asemkhathini ayivelakancane kakhulu ukuwabona futhi ucwaningo lwawo lunikeza umbono obanzi wokuhlukahluka kwe-cosmic esizungezile.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-bolide iyini ku-astronomy nezici zayo.