inhlanzeko Kuyi-asteroid etholakala ebhandeni le-asteroid eliyinhloko lesimiso sonozungezilanga, eliphakathi kwemizila ye-Mars ne-Jupiter. Yatholwa ngo-Ephreli 12, 1849 yisazi sezinkanyezi sase-Italy u-Annibale de Gasparis eNaples Astronomical Observatory. Igama elithi "Hygieia" livela kunkulunkulukazi wamaGreki wezempilo nokuhlanzeka. Ososayensi bayangabaza ukuthi i-Hygieia ingaba iplanethi encane yini.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana ne-asteroid Higia, izici zayo, ukutholakala nokunye okuningi.
Izici eziyinhloko
I-Hygiea iyi-asteroid yesine ngobukhulu ebhandeni le-asteroid, kodwa ayibonakali kancane kunobubanzi bayo obungama-407 km ngenxa yobumnyama bayo (7% albedo). Inesisindo esingu-8,85 × 1019 kg, noma u-3% wesisindo sebhande le-asteroid. I-Hygieia yinto enwetshiwe uma kuqhathaniswa, okukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi i-Hygieia ayinaso isisindo esanele sokwakha iplanethi encane, njengoba amandla ayo adonsela phansi awaqinile ngokwanele "ukuhlanganisa" indaba eyindilinga ibe yindilinga.
Njenge-asteroid ye-carbonaceous, amandla adonsela phansi awaqinile ngokwanele ukusunduza amadwala ukuya phakathi nendawo, futhi ukuminyana kwawo kuphansi kakhulu: cishe 2100 kg/m3, okungaphezudlwana kokuphindwe kabili ukuminyana kwamanzi. Ebusweni bayo, ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi kungu-0,09 m/s2 kuphela. Ngaphezu kokuqaphela amandla adonsela phansi amancane, ukube ubuphezu kwawo, ubungabona ilanga liphuma njalo emahoreni angama-27,6, elide kunobude bosuku loMhlaba futhi lide kakhulu kunokujwayelekile kuma-asteroid alobu bukhulu (bavame ukuzungeza izimbazo zabo ngokushesha okukhulu).
Iwuhlobo lwe-C-carbonaceous asteroid ubuso bayo bunqunywe nge-spectroscopically ukuba nenhlanganisela ekhiqizwa ukusebenzisana kwamanzi namadwala, ngakho-ke kufanele ishise ngokwanele ukuncibilikisa iqhwa ngesikhathi esithile. Ngenxa yokuthi ibanga elisuka elangeni emzileni liyahlukahluka, imisebe eliyitholayo iyahlukahluka kakhulu kuyindilinga. Yiqiniso, izinga lokushisa lohlangothi olunelanga kanye nohlangothi lwesithunzi luhluke kakhulu, kodwa luhlala luphansi kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile le-Hygieia licishe libe ngu-110°C, lifinyelele "ekushiseni" -26°C endaweni ephakeme eduze nelanga.
I-Hubble Space Telescope yakala ukuzungeza kwayo. Ayifani ngokujwayelekile, inobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-500 km kanye nobubanzi obungaphansi kuka-350 km. Le datha ichaza ukuminyana kwayo njengephansi njengo-2.100 kg/m3, engakhiqizi amandla anele ukuhlanganisa into, nge-gravity engaphezulu engu-0,09 m/s². Lokhu kungahambi kahle kwenza ukunyakaza kokuzungeza kuthathe amahora angu-27,6 (okungaphezudlwana kosuku Lomhlaba), kuyilapho ezinye izinto eziyindilinga zizungeza i-eksisi yazo ngesivinini esisheshayo.
Njenge-asteroid enkulu, ibizwa ngegama lomndeni wakwaHygieia, imizimba emincane etholakala onqenqemeni lwawo olungaphandle. Ngebanga lika-17 km/s, kungathatha iminyaka emihlanu nengxenye ukuchaza umzila wayo ongasho lutho. (12% ngaphandle kwendilinga) ezungeze iLanga.
Ukutholwa kwe-Hygieia
Ukutholwa kwe-asteroid Hygieia kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli 12, 1849 e-Astronomical Observatory eNaples, e-Italy. Isazi sezinkanyezi sase-Italy u-Annibale de Gasparis kwaba nembangela yalokhu okutholakele okuphawulekayo emlandweni wesayensi yezinkanyezi.
U-Annibale de Gasparis wayebukisisa amazulu lapho ebona into yasezulwini eyayibonakala ihamba emkhathini ngokuzimela. Eqaphela lokhu kuziphatha okungavamile, waphetha ngokuthi kwakuyi-asteroid, indikimba encane enamatshe ezungeza iLanga ebhandeni eliyinhloko le-asteroid, phakathi kwemizila ye-Mars ne-Jupiter.
Inqubo yokutholwa kwe-asteroid yayihilela ukuqhathanisa ngokucophelela ukuma kwezinto zasezulwini ngezikhathi ezihlukene, kuqoshwe ngokunembile ukunyakaza kwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Endabeni ye-Hygieia, le nqubo yokucophelela yaholela ekuqinisekisweni kwemvelo yayo ye-asteroidal kanye nesabelo segama layo ngokuhlonipha unkulunkulukazi wamaGreki wezempilo nokuhlanzeka.
Kumelwe kukhunjulwe ukuthi ekhulwini le-XNUMX, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe esayensi yezinkanyezi yayingakathuthuki njengaleyo esinayo namuhla. Ngakho-ke, ukutholakala kwama-asteroids afana ne-Hygieia kwasho umsebenzi onzima wokubona okwenziwa ngesandla kanye nokubala okucophelela osonkanyezi.
Kungani i-Hygieia iyiplanethi encane?
I-Hygieia ithathwa njengeplanethi encane ngenxa yezimpawu ezithile nemibandela esungulwe yi-International Astronomical Union (IAU) ukuze ihlukanise izindikimba zasemkhathini ohlelweni lwethu sonozungezilanga. I-UAI yinhlangano ephethe ekuchazeni imigomo nemibandela ye-nomenclature nokuhlukaniswa kwezinto zezinkanyezi.
Ukuze ichazwe njengeplanethi encane, into yasezulwini kufanele ihlangabezane nezimo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- I-Orbit around the Sun: I-Hygieia ihlangabezana nalesi simo, njengoba iyi-asteroid ehamba emzileni ozungeza iLanga, njengamaplanethi.
- isimo esiyindilinga: Amaplanethi amancane kufanele abe nesisindo esanele samandla adonsela phansi ukuze awavumele ukuthi athathe umumo ocishe ube yindilinga. Nakuba i-Hygieia ingeyona ingxenye yemizimba emikhulukazi eplanethini yelanga, icishe ibe yindilinga, ehlangabezana nalezi zindlela.
- Ayikasusi i-orbit yayo: Lesi simo sibalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamaplanethi namaplanethi amancane. Amaplanethi kufanele ukuthi "asulile ukuzungeza kwawo," okusho ukuthi asuse noma ashanele iningi lezinto eziseduze ne-orbit yawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaplanethi amancane, afana ne-Hygieia, awazange azuze le nqubo ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane nobukhulu, futhi umjikelezo wawo ungabiwa nezinye izinto eziseduze.
Uma i-Hygieia ithathwa njengeplanethi encane, kungaba iplanethi yesibili ebhande le-asteroid, ngemuva kweCeres, njengoba lonke ikilasi liyi-trans-Neptunian. Isigaba seplanethi encane yethulwa ngo-2006 ukuze kufakwe izinto zebhande le-Kuiper ezifana no-Pluto no-Eris, ukuvimbela isimiso sonozungezilanga ekubeni sibe namashumi noma amakhulu "amaplanethi" ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenxa yalokho, iCeres yahlukaniswa njengeplanethi encane.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana ne-Higía, izici zayo nokuthi yatholwa kanjani.