Lapho sikhuluma ngendawo yonke kanye nezingxenye ezakhayo, sivame ukukhuluma ngendawo emisebeni ye-cosmic. Iwuhlobo lwamandla ahamba emkhathini. Itholakala cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba futhi inokwakheka okukhethekile.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi iyini imisebe ye-cosmic, ukubaluleka kwayo, ukwakheka nokunye okuningi.
Iyini imisebe ye-cosmic
Imisebe ye-cosmic iwuhlobo lwamandla ahamba emkhathini esuka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi endaweni yonke. Le misebe yakhiwe izinhlayiya ze-subatomic, ikakhulukazi ama-proton nama-electron anamandla amakhulu, ahamba ngesivinini esiseduze nejubane lokukhanya. Lezi zinhlayiya zivela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene ye-cosmic, njengezinkanyezi, ukuqhuma kwe-supernova, nezimbobo ezimnyama.
Omunye wemithombo ebaluleke kakhulu yemisebe ye-cosmic yiLanga ILanga likhipha izinhlayiya ezine-charged, ezaziwa ngokuthi umoya welanga, ezihamba emkhathini zifike eMhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, imisebe ye-cosmic ayiveli kuphela eLangeni, kodwa nakwezinye izinkanyezi nezinto ezikude zasezulwini. Lezi zinhlayiya zihamba izinkulungwane zeminyaka yokukhanya emkhathini ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele kithi.
Njengoba lezi zinhlayiya ezinamandla amakhulu zishayisana nomkhathi woMhlaba, zisebenzisana nama-molecule omoya futhi zidale ukugeleza kwezinhlayiya zesibili. Lezi zinhlayiya zesibili yizo ezigcina zifinyelele emhlabeni, lapho zingatholwa khona ngezinsimbi ezibucayi.
Imisebe ye-cosmic iyingxenye yemvelo yendawo kanye nemvelo yasemhlabeni, futhi ngamanani amancane, ayinikezi ingozi enkulu kubantu. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, njengokundiza komkhathi isikhathi eside noma ukuchayeka ezindaweni eziphakeme, osomkhathi nabagibeli bezindiza bangase bavezwe emazingeni aphezulu emisebe kunaseMhlabeni. Ngalesi sizathu, iyagadwa futhi ibhekwe ekuhlelweni kwemishini yasemkhathini nasembonini yezokundiza.
Ukwakheka
Imisebe ye-cosmic iqukethe i-nuclei ye-athomu ene-ionized enamandla hamba emkhathini ngesivinini esiseduze kakhulu nejubane lokukhanya (cishe u-300.000 km/s). Iqiniso lokuthi i-ionized lisikisela ukuthi bathole ukushaja kagesi ngenxa yokuncishwa ama-electron, kodwa ngokumangalisayo, lawa ma-nuclei enziwe ngezinto ezifanayo ezisenza thina nakho konke okusizungezile.
Ama-nuclei akha imisebe ye-cosmic asatshalaliswa ngendlela ehlukile kunendaba esinika isimo. I-Hydrogen ne-helium kuningi kakhulu ohlelweni lwelanga kunemisebe ye-cosmic, nezinye izakhi ezisindayo, njenge-lithium, i-beryllium noma i-boron, angu-10.000 XNUMX ngobuningi emisebeni ye-cosmic.
Esinye sezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zemisebe ye-cosmic i-isotropy yayo ephelele. Le pharamitha ibonisa ukuthi umbani ushaya ngemvamisa efanayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, okusho ukuthi imithombo eminingi ekwazi ukuyikhiqiza kufanele iphile ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Umsuka wemisebe ye-cosmic
Imisebe ye-cosmic yayingewona umphumela oqondile we-Big Bang. Phakathi nesigaba sokuqala sokwakheka kwendawo yonke, esaqala cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-13.800 edlule, ambalwa amanuclei e-athomu asindayo kune-hydrogen ne-helium akhiqizwa. Ziningi kakhulu, zihambisana nenani elincane kuphela le-lithium ne-beryllium, ukusabalalisa okuthi, njengoba sibonile, okungahambisani nalokho kwe-athomu ye-athomu eyakha imisebe ye-cosmic.
Ingxenye ebalulekile yemisebe engena emkhathini woMhlaba ivela eLangeni, elaziwa njengenkanyezi eseduze kakhulu. Nokho, akuwona neze ukuphela komthombo wemisebe yangaphandle efinyelela eMhlabeni. Iningi lemisebe ye-cosmic esiyitholayo ivela ngaphandle kwesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga ivela kwezinye izinkanyezi. Ahamba emkhathini ngamandla amakhulu aze ashayisane nama-athomu ezindaweni ezingaphezulu zomkhathi woMhlaba.
Izakhi zamakhemikhali ezakha izinto ezivamile kanye nathi ngokwethu zihlanganiswa ezinhlakeni zezinkanyezi. Uma ufuna ukwazi kahle ukuthi le nqubo isebenza kanjani, ungabheka isihloko sethu esizinikezele empilweni yezinkanyezi, kodwa okwamanje khumbula nje ukuthi cishe u-70% wesisindo sawo yi-hydrogen, I-24% kuya ku-26% i-helium, futhi i-4% kuya ku-6% iyinhlanganisela yezinto zamakhemikhali ezinzima kune-helium.
Ifu lothuli negesi elakha inkanyezi ngokufinyela kwamandla adonsela phansi linyusa izinga lokushisa kwalo kuze kube yilapho kuvulwa isithando somlilo senuzi futhi ukusabela kokuqala kokuhlanganiswa kuqale emnyombweni waso. Le nqubo ivumela inkanyezi ukuthi ikhiphe amandla futhi ikhiqize izakhi ezinzima kune-hydrogen ne-helium. Njengoba inkanyezi iphelelwa uphethiloli, iyazilungisa ukuze igcine ibhalansi ye-hydrostatic.
Lesi sakhiwo sigcina inkanyezi izinzile isikhathi esiningi sempilo yayo esebenzayo, njengoba ukufinyela kwamandla adonsela phansi "kudonsela" impahla yenkanyezi ngaphakathi, okulingana nomfutho wegesi nemisebe ekhishwa inkanyezi. Izinkanyezi "zidonsa" izinto nakuba amafutha azo angapheli.
umhlaba uyasivikela
Iplanethi yethu inezivikelo ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ezisivikela emisebeni yelanga nasemisebeni ye-cosmic engaphezu kwemingcele yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga: umkhathi kanye namandla kazibuthe oMhlaba. Lesi sakamuva sisuka enkabeni yoMhlaba ngale kwe-ionosphere, kwakheka indawo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-magnetosphere, ekwazi ukuphambukisa izinhlayiya ezishajiwe ziye ezigxotsheni kazibuthe Zomhlaba. Lo mshini usivikela ngezinga elikhulu emoyeni welanga nasemisebeni ye-cosmic.
Kodwa-ke, lokho akuvimbi amanye ama-nuclei anamandla aphezulu ukuthi angashayisani nama-molecule esezingqimbeni ezingaphandle kakhulu zomkhathi, okudala izihlambi zezinhlayiya ezingenabungozi kangako, ezinamandla aphansi ezifika ngezikhathi ezithile oqweqweni loMhlaba. Yingakho umkhathi nawo udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu yokuvikela.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi iyini imisebe ye-cosmic, umsuka wayo nokunye okuningi.