I-Pacific Ocean iyindawo enkulu yamanzi emhlabeni, ihlanganisa ngaphezu kwama-30% omhlaba futhi ibamba inqwaba yamazwe nezindawo eziyiziqhingi. I Amazwe asePacific Ocean banezici eziningi ezihlukahlukene, kusukela emazweni anezimboni kakhulu kuya emazweni amancane nasathuthuka kancane. Nokho, kunezici ezithile ezivamile emazweni amaningi asePacific.
Ngalesi sizathu, sizonikezela lesi sihloko ukuze sikutshele ngezici ezahlukahlukene, i-geology namasiko amazwe oLwandlekazi iPacific kanye nezinye izinto ezithokozisayo zolwandle.
Amazwe asePacific Ocean
Okokuqala, amazwe amaningi asePacific anokwehlukahlukana okukhulu kwamasiko nezinhlanga, ngenxa yesimo sawo samasu njengebhuloho phakathi kwe-Asia neMelika. Kusukela kubantu bomdabu base-Oceania kuya emiphakathini yezifiki ezivela eChina, eJapane nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia, iPacific iyingxube yamasiko namasiko.
Okwesibili, amazwe amaningi asePacific athembele kakhulu ekudobeni nasekulimeni ukuze aziphilise. Ukudoba kuwumthombo obalulekile wemali engenayo nomsebenzi emazweni amaningi asogwini, kuyilapho ezolimo kuwumsebenzi obalulekile emazweni ayiziqhingi anendawo elinganiselwe yokulinywa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amazwe oLwandlekazi iPacific nawo anemithombo yemvelo efana nowoyela negesi yemvelo.
Okwesithathu, amazwe amaningi oLwandle iPacific abhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu zezomnotho nezenhlalo. Ubumpofu, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, ukuntula ukufinyelela kwemfundo nezinkonzo zezempilo eziyisisekelo kuyizinkinga ezivamile kwamanye amazwe asePacific. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaningi kulawa mazwe aphinde abhekane nezinselele zemvelo, njengokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
La mazwe anomlando onothile namagugu amasiko abalulekile ukuthi agcinwe futhi avikeleke. Kusukela emasikweni asendulo abantu bomdabu base-Oceania kuya ethonyeni lobukoloni labaseYurophu, Umlando wasePacific ucebile futhi uhlukahlukene. Ukulondolozwa kwezindawo zamasiko kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezokuvakasha okusimeme kubalulekile ekugcineni nokwabelana ngamagugu acebile amasiko asePacific. Zihlukene futhi zihlukile ngezindlela eziningi. Nakuba bebhekene nezinselele ezibalulekile, banamasiko acebile, umlando, namagugu emvelo afanele ukuvikelwa nokwaziswa.
Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho
I-Pacific ibaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:
- Inediphozithi ebalulekile kawoyela negesi, amaqhuqhuva e-polymetallic, isihlabathi namatshe.
- Imele umzila obalulekile wokuhwebelana olwandle.
- Ukudoba kungenye yezimboni ezihlomula kakhulu ngenxa yokugcwala oLwandlekazini iPacific kwezinhlanzi ezidliwayo ezihlukahlukene namagobolondo adingeka kakhulu emazweni ahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi e-Asia. Imikhumbi ye-tuna enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni idoba kulolu lwandle. INorthwest Pacific ithathwa njengendawo yokudoba ebaluleke kakhulu, ukukhiqiza amaphesenti angama-28 okubanjwa komhlaba wonke. Lokhu kulandelwa yisifunda saseWestern and Central Pacific, esibamba amaphesenti angu-16 emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphezu kwe-tuna, i-horse mackerel, i-Alaskan whiting, i-baby sardines, ama-anchovies aseJapane, i-cod, i-hake nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-squid nazo zibanjwa ngobuningi.
- I-Pacific Ocean ixhunywe ku-Atlantic Ocean ngokusebenzisa iziteshi zemvelo endaweni eseningizimu ye-America, i-Strait of Magellan kanye noLwandle i-Drake, kodwa mhlawumbe indlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi eqondile idlula i-Panama Canal yokwenziwa.
- I-Piracy iwusongo lwasolwandle oluthiya ukuhamba mahhala eSouth China Sea, oLwandle iCelebes, noLwandle lweSulu. Ukubamba inkunzi kuhlonyiwe nokuthumba kuwubugebengu obuvamile obungavamile ukuyekwa. Imikhumbi neminye imikhumbi kufanele ithathe izinyathelo zokuvikela kanye nokuzivikela ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi.
ukongiwa kolwandle
I-Pacific ibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu: ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kanye nokudoba ngokweqile. Nakuba ivikelwe ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ubukhulu bayo obuphelele busho ukuthi imizamo yokulondoloza imithombo yayo yemvelo akulula ukuyigcina.
Ngokusho kwedatha ekhishwe yi-New York Times, kukhona amathani angaba ngu-87.000 kadoti e-Pacific Ocean, futhi lesi sibalo sizokhula eminyakeni ezayo, phakathi kwabo, amapulasitiki kanye namanetha okudoba yizinto ezishiywe kakhulu ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa. Lokhu kunqwabelana kwemfucuza kwaziwa ngokuthi i-Garbage Island, indawo eyi-1,6 million square kilometer phakathi kweHawaii neCalifornia.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingxenye eziningi zoLwandlekazi iPacific zidinga ukusimama ekudobeni ngokweqile, njengoba izinhlobo zezinhlobo ezihloselwe ukusetshenziswa abantu zihluleka ukusimama ngesikhathi sokuzala, okuthinta izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kwezilwane ezisengozini kungenye yezinsongo ezinkulu ePacific.
Iziqhingi zasePacific Ocean
I-Pacific Ocean inezinkulungwane zeziqhingi ezahlukene, iningi lazo okungezase-Oceania, ezihlukaniswe izifunda ezintathu ezihlukene:
- Isi-Melanesia: New Guinea, Papua New Guinea, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Zenadh Kes (Torres), Vanuatu, Fiji and Solomon Islands.
- I-Micronesia: Mariana Islands, Guam, Wake Island, Palau, Marshall Islands, Kiribati, Nauru kanye ne-United States of Micronesia.
- I-Polynesia: INew Zealand, iHawaii, iRotuma, iMidway, iSamoa, i-American Samoa, iTonga, iTovalu, iCook Islands, iFrench Polynesia, ne-Easter Island.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinye iziqhingi okungezona ezaleli zwekazi, njenge:
- Iziqhingi zaseGalapagos. Ingowase-Ecuador.
- Iziqhingi zase-Aleutian. Bangabase-Alaska nase-United States.
- Sakhalin futhi Kuril Islands. IngekaRussia.
- I-Taiwan. Ingaphansi kweRiphabhulikhi yaseShayina futhi iphikisana ne-People's Republic of China.
- Philippines.
- Iziqhingi eziseSouth China Sea. IngekaShayina.
- Japan kanye neziqhingi zaseRyukyu.
Ingxenye eyaziwa kakhulu yazo zonke izilwandle zomhlaba isentshonalanga yePacific Ocean, eduze neziqhingi zaseMariana naseGuam, futhi yaziwa ngokuthi iMariana Trench. Inomumo wesibazi noma i-crescent, inweba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-2.550 oqweqwe futhi ifinyelela ububanzi bamakhilomitha angu-69.
Ukujula okukhulu okwaziwayo kungamamitha angu-11.034, okusho ukuthi uma i-Everest ingawela eMariana Trench, isiqongo sayo besizoba ngu-1,6 wamakhilomitha ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana namazwe ase-Pacific Ocean kanye nezici zawo.