I-Las amatshe kazibuthe kanye ne-magnetism yamadwala ihlobene ne-magnetism yamaminerali, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni izindlela zokuhlola ze-magnetic geophysical. Amaminerali amaningi akha amadwala abonisa ukuthambekela kukazibuthe okuphansi kakhulu, futhi isizathu sokuthi amadwala azibuthe ukuthi ingxenye yamaminerali kazibuthe aqukethe ngokuvamile incane. Amaqembu amabili kuphela we-geochemical ahlinzeka ngamatshe lawa maminerali kanye ne-magnetism.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana namatshe kazibuthe, izici zabo ze-magnetism yamaminerali.
Ayini amatshe kazibuthe
Iqembu le-iron-titanium-oksijeni linezixazululo eziqinile zenani lamaminerali kazibuthe kusukela ku-magnetite (Fe3O4) kuya ku-ulvöspinel (Fe2TiO4). Olunye uhlobo oluvamile lwe-iron oxide hematite (Fe2O3) luyi-antiferromagnetic ngakho-ke alubangeli ukungahambi kahle kazibuthe. Isisekelo se-iron-sulphur sinikeza i-pyrrhotite yamaminerali kazibuthe (FeS1 + x, 0 enezinga lokushisa le-Curie elingu-578 ° C.
Nakuba ubukhulu, ukwakheka kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlayiya ze-magnetite edwaleni kuzothinta izakhiwo zayo kazibuthe, kunengqondo ukuhlukanisa ukuziphatha kazibuthe kwedwala ngokusekelwe kokuqukethwe kwayo yonke kazibuthe.
Izinhlobo zamatshe kazibuthe
Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo okuphezulu kwe-magnetite, amatshe ayisisekelo e-igneous ngokuvamile amatshe kazibuthe. Ingxenye ye-magnetite emadwaleni e-igneous iyancipha ngokukhula kwe-asidi, ngakho-ke nakuba amadwala ane-acidic igneous enezakhiwo ezihlukene kazibuthe, izakhiwo zawo kazibuthe ngokuvamile ziphansi kunamadwala ayisisekelo.
Izici kazibuthe zamatshe e-metamorphic nazo ziyahlukahluka. Uma ukucindezela okuyingxenye ye-oksijeni iphansi, i-magnetite izophinde ifakwe futhi insimbi nomoya-mpilo kuzohlangana nezinye izigaba zamaminerali njengoba izinga le-metamorphism landa. Kodwa-ke, ukucindezela okuyingxenye okuphezulu kwe-oksijeni kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwe-magnetite, esebenza njenge-mineral eyisizayo ekuphenduleni kwe-metamorphic.
Ngokuvamile, okuqukethwe kukazibuthe kanye nokuba sengozini kazibuthe kumatshe kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, futhi kungase kube nokushayisana okukhulu phakathi kwama-lithologies ahlukene. Nini ama-anomalies kazibuthe abonwa ezindaweni ezimbozwe ama-sediments, okudidayo kuvame ukubangelwa amadwala angaphansi noma ama-metamorphic basement noma ama-intrasive sediments.
Izimbangela ezivamile zokudida kazibuthe zifaka amaleve, amaphutha, ukugoqa noma ukuncishiswa nokugeleza kwe-lava, inani elikhulu lokungena okuyisisekelo, amadwala angaphansi kwe-metamorphic, kanye nemizimba ye-magnetite ore. Ubukhulu be-anomaly kazibuthe busuka emashumini e-nT endaweni engaphansi ye-metamorphic ejulile kuya kumakhulu we-nT emzimbeni ongenele oyisisekelo, futhi ubukhulu bamaminerali kamagnetite bungafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa ze-nT.
Inkambu kazibuthe nokubaluleka
Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu yokuqoqwa kwedatha, kuze kube manje isishicilelwe imephu yesikhala enesinqumo esiphezulu senkambu kazibuthe yomhlaba we-lithospheric. Idathasethi isebenzisa indlela entsha yokumodela ukuze ihlanganise imiphumela yokulinganisa evela kusethelayithi ye-ESA's Swarm nedatha yomlando evela kusathelayithi ye-CHAMP yaseJalimane, evumela ososayensi ukuba bakhiphe amasiginali amancane kazibuthe ezingqimbeni ezingaphandle Zomhlaba. I-Red imele izindawo lapho insimu kazibuthe ye-lithospheric ilungile futhi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka imelela izindawo lapho insimu kazibuthe ye-lithospheric inegethivu.
Umholi we-ESA's Swarm mission uRune Floberghagen esitatimendeni uthe: “Akulula ukuqonda uqweqwe lwabazali bethu. Asikwazi ukumane siyisebenzise ukukala ukwakheka kwayo, ukwakheka nomlando wayo.. Izilinganiso ezivela emkhathini zibaluleke kakhulu njengoba ziyincazelo yesakhiwo kazibuthe segobolondo eliqinile leplanethi yethu.
Engqungqutheleni Yesayensi Yezinambuzane e-Canada kuleli sonto, imephu entsha ibonise izinguquko ezinemininingwane emkhakheni ngokunemba okukhulu kunokwakhiwa kabusha okusekelwe ku-satellite, okubangelwa ukwakheka kwe-geological kuqweqwe loMhlaba.
Esinye seziphazamiso senzeka eCentral African Republic, egxile eBangui, lapho amandla kazibuthe ebukhali kakhulu futhi enamandla. Isizathu salokhu kuphazamiseka asikacaci kahle, kodwa abanye ososayensi bacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka kube umphumela womthelela we-meteorite eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-540 edlule.
Inkambu kazibuthe isesimweni sokuguquguquka unomphela. Amashifu kazibuthe enyakatho kanye ne-polarity kushintsha njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, ngakho ikhampasi ikhomba eningizimu esikhundleni senyakatho.
Izigxobo kazibuthe
Lapho ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kukhiqiza uqweqwe olusha, ikakhulukazi endaweni engaphansi kolwandle, amaminerali anothe ngensimbi ku-magma eqinile azobhekana nozibuthe enyakatho, ngaleyo ndlela athwebule "isithombe esifinyeziwe" samagnetic field esitholakala lapho idwala liphola.
Njengoba izigxobo kazibuthe ziya emuva naphambili ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaminerali aqinisiwe enza 'amaphethelo' phansi olwandle futhi anikeze irekhodi lomlando kazibuthe woMhlaba. Imephu yakamuva ye-Swarm isinika ukubuka konke okungakaze kubonwe kwamaribhoni ahlotshaniswa ne-plate tectonics, ekhombisa umgwaqo omaphakathi nolwandle.
“Lawa mabhande kazibuthe awubufakazi bokubuyela emuva kwesigxobo kazibuthe, futhi ukuhlaziya indawo enozibuthe olwandle kungakha kabusha izinguquko ezidlule emkhakheni kazibuthe womongo. Basiza futhi ekufundeni amapuleti tectonics, ”kusho uDhananjay Ravat waseNyuvesi yaseKentucky.
Imephu entsha ichaza izici zendawo kazibuthe kuze kufike kumakhilomitha angama-250 ubude futhi kuzosiza ukuphenya i-geology kanye nezinga lokushisa le-Lithosphere Yomhlaba.
Amatshe e-Magmatic nawo abalulekile ngokombono wamatshe kazibuthe. Futhi kuyadingeka ukucabangela ukuthi ngaphakathi komhlaba kukhona inani elikhulu lensimbi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana namatshe kazibuthe, ukubaluleka kwawo kanye nesigxobo sikazibuthe somhlaba.