Kunolwazi oluningi ngeplanethi i-Mars esiluqoqa nsuku zonke ngenxa yokuhlolwa komkhathi. Sazi okwengeziwe mayelana neplanethi ebomvu, umkhathi wayo, ukuba khona kwempilo edlule nokunye okuningi. I amandla adonsela phansi ku-Mars Kuhlukile ngeplanethi yethu. Inezici ezithile eziyingqayizivele futhi ibaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ukuthi iplanethi yonke isebenza kanjani.
Ngakho-ke, sizokutshela ukuthi yiziphi izici zamandla adonsela phansi ku-Mars kanye nomehluko ngeplanethi yethu.
Anjani amandla adonsela phansi ku-Mars?
I-Mars kanye noMhlaba kufana ngezindlela eziningi, njengobukhulu bobuso bazo noma izimbotshana zazo ezimhlophe. Nokho, ziphinde zibe nomehluko omkhulu kunokufana, okuhlanganisa izinga lokushisa nomfutho womkhathi, futhi asinakuhluleka ukubalula amandla adonsela phansi kuMars, ngoba ahluke kakhulu kumandla adonsela phansi eMhlabeni. Eqinisweni, i-Red Planet inamandla adonsela phansi aphansi kakhulu kunoMhlaba, ngokocwaningo olunembe ngokunemba kwezinombolo okungama-62%.
Ukuze uthole incazelo elula, sizothatha isibonelo somuntu osemhlabeni onesisindo esingu-100 kg. Kuvela ukuthi uma abantu abafanayo beya kuMars, babeyoba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-38 kuphela kuleyo planethi. Yilokhu okwenza amandla adonsela phansi ahluke kwi-Red Planet. Kumelwe sigcizelele ukuthi amandla adonsela phansi ahlukene akhona ku-Mars abangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene ezihambisana neplanethi, njengobunzima bayo, ukuminyana kanye ne-radius. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kungabalulekile, empeleni kunjalo.
Babala kanjani amandla adonsela phansi ku-Mars
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi sabelana cishe endaweni efanayo neplanethi ebomvu. Ububanzi bayo buyingxenye kuphela yeplanethi yethu, futhi ukuminyana kwayo kuncane kakhulu. Ngokunembayo, I-Mars inomthamo ongu-15% kanye no-11% wesisindo soMhlaba.
Besebenzisa imibono nemithetho kaNewton, ososayensi bakwazi ukubala amandla adonsela phansi eplanethi ebomvu. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi amandla adonsela phansi asetshenziswa iplanethi alingana nobukhulu bayo. Basebenzisa indlela efanayo ukuze bathole amandla adonsela phansi kuyi-Mars, yingakho kwavela lo mphumela onembe kakhulu mayelana namandla adonsela phansi akhona endikimbeni yasezulwini. Ukuze usebenzise imithetho ka-Newton kwindilinga, kufanele uqale ubale irediyasi yayo. Uma usukwazi lokhu, uzokwazi ukuthi amandla adonsela phansi endaweni alingana ngokuphambene nesikwele sendawo yayo.
Lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa empeleni, kungenye yezinqubo ezilula ezenziwa ngokwesayensi. Ukwazi le mininingwane kubalulekile ngezizathu eziningana. Empeleni, Lezi zinhlobo zamaphuzu zicwaningwa ukuze kutholwe ukuziphatha kwazo zonke izinto noma izinto ezithunyelwa zisuka eMhlabeni kule planethi. Ngale ndlela, osomkhathi bazokwazi kahle ukuthi benzeni kumishini enjalo. Ukuqonda amandla adonsela phansi ku-Mars kubalulekile ohambweni oluzayo.
Izici nemiphumela
Sesibonile kakade ukuthi amandla adonsela phansi kanye ne-Mars ahlukile kuneplanethi enguMhlaba. Manje sizobona ukuthi yiziphi izici zamandla adonsela phansi ashiwo kanye nezinye izici okufanele zicatshangelwe:
- Ukusheshisa amandla adonsela phansi: Ku-Mars, ukusheshisa kwamandla adonsela phansi cishe kungamamitha angu-3.71 ngesekhondi yesikwele (m/s²), uma kuqhathaniswa no-9.81 m/s² emhlabeni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto ezise-Mars ziwa kancane kakhulu kunaseMhlabeni futhi kudingeka amandla amancane ukuze kukhushulwe izinto emoyeni.
- Imiphumela Emizimbeni Yomuntu: Amandla adonsela phansi aphansi ku-Mars anomthelela emzimbeni womuntu. Osomkhathi abaya ku-Mars bangathola ukuncipha komthwalo wamandla adonsela phansi emizimbeni yabo, okungaholela ekulahlekeni kwesikhathi eside kwesisindo somzimba nokuminyana kwamathambo. Bazophinde bathinteke mayelana nokulinganisela nokunyakaza, njengoba bazoba nomuzwa olula kanye nesikhathi esilula sokugxuma nokuhambahamba.
- Umthelela emoyeni: I-Gravity ku-Mars inomthelela emkhathini weplanethi. Amandla adonsela phansi aphansi enza kube nzima ngeMars ukuthi igcine umkhathi ominyene, okuholela ekucindezelekeni komkhathi ophansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa noMhlaba. Lo mfutho womoya ophansi unomthelela ekuhlaleni kanye nokuba nokwenzeka kokuphila endaweni ye-Martian, njengoba kuthinta ukuba khona kwamanzi awuketshezi nokuvikela imisebe.
- Umthelela omncane endaweni: Ngenxa ye-gravity ephansi ku-Mars, izinto ezingaphezulu kweplanethi zingaba nesisindo esincishisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa noMhlaba. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto kuzoba lula ukuziphakamisa nokuthutha ku-Mars, futhi izakhiwo nezakhiwo kuzodinga ukuqiniswa okuncane kwesakhiwo.
Izinkathi ze-Red Planet
Izinkathi zonyaka ku-Mars zinentshisekelo enkulu ngoba ziwumphumela wenhlanganisela yezinto ezimbili ezibalulekile: ukutsheka kwe-axis yeplanethi nokushintsha ibanga layo ukusuka elangeni. Ilanga aliguquki unyaka wonke, ngakho-ke lesi sici asinamthelela kubude besikhathi nobukhulu bezinkathi zonyaka zasemhlabeni.
Okokuqala, kumelwe kuqondwe ukuthi ukuthambekela kweplanethi yikho okunquma ukuthi imisebe yelanga ifika ngakuphi unyaka wonke. Cabanga ngeplanethi ezungeza ku-eksisi ngaphandle kokuthambekela, njengoba kwenzeka ngeMercury. Esimweni esinjalo, Imisebe yelanga ihlala ifinyelela kuwo wonke amaphuzu eMhlabeni ngendlela efanayo., kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iplanethi ingakanani nelanga.
Uma iplanethi izungeza e-axis yayo ngokuthambekela okuthile, njenge-Mars (ukuthambekela kuka-25°), khona-ke imisebe yelanga ifika ngezindlela ezihlukene, kuye ngokuthi iplanethi ikuphi lapho maqondana nelanga. Iminyaka lapho ukukhanya kufinyelela khona cishe mpo (ukukhiqiza ihlobo) kanye nezikhathi lapho ukukhanya ku-oblique (ukukhiqiza ubusika).
Lesi senzakalo sichaza izinkathi zonyaka emhlabeni. Kodwa endabeni ye-Mars, kumelwe futhi kucatshangelwe ukuthi ibanga elisuka elangeni liyahluka kakhulu kuwo wonke umjikelezo wayo. Ukuma komjikelezo woMhlaba kucishe kube yindilinga. Lokhu kwenza wonke amasizini amane abe nesikhathi esifanayo. Akunjalo nge-Mars, ene-orbit eyodwa ene-elliptical kunazo zonke esimiso sonozungezilanga. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi iMars ichithe isikhathi esiningi ingekho elangeni engxenyeni yehlobo yaseNyakatho Nenkabazwe yomjikelezo wayo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana namandla adonsela phansi ku-Mars nezici zayo.