Namuhla sizokhuluma ngezintaba ezidumile ezakha umgoqo wemvelo phakathi kweFrance neSpain. Imayelana ne- AmaPyrenees. Uhla lwezintaba oluhlukanisa iNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ziyizintaba ezaziwa kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi zingenye yezintaba ezivelele kakhulu emhlabeni. Kuyaziwa ngegama likaPyrénées ngesiFulentshi, iPirineus ngesiCatalan nasePirinioak noma i-Auñamendiak eBasque.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, imvelaphi, izimbali nezilwane zasePyrenees.
Izici eziyinhloko
Itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeYurophu futhi sonke lesi sifunda sifaka izwe elincane laseAndorra. Igama lezintaba livela kuPirene oyinkosazana ezinganekwaneni zamaGrikhi owayethandwa nguHercules. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lezi zintaba bezilokhu zithola ukubaluleka nokubaluleka okukhulu esikweni labantu abaseduze. Hhayi ezindabeni zabo kuphela, kodwa nasemisebenzini yabo. Kuyisiko ePyrenees ukwenza amadlelo e-transhumance lapho izinkomo ziyasuswa zisuswe emapulazini ziye phezulu ezintabeni ngesikhathi sehlobo.
Namuhla siyazi ukuthi zombili izinhlangothi zePyrenees yizindawo ezithandwa kakhulu kuyo yomibili imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa nokwenyuka izintaba. Indawo yemvelo evikelwe enokuhlukahluka okukhulu kwezitshalo nezilwane. EFrance kunePyrenees National Park enohulumeni ophakeme wokuvikela imvelo. Okuhloselwe ukonga ingcebo yemvelo njengemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kuwo wonke uhla lwezintaba kukhona iziqongo ezingaphezu kwama-50 ezidlula amamitha ayi-3.000 ukuphakama. Uchungechunge lwezintaba lunobude obungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-491 phakathi kweFrance, iSpain ne-Andorra. Yenziwe ngamaketanga amabili agijima ngokufana ukusuka empumalanga kuya entshonalanga ukusuka enyakatho yoLwandle iMedithera kuya eBay of Biscay. Kungashiwo ukuthi lonke uhlelo lwezintaba cishe luqondile. Ihlukaniswe ngokomzimba ngezigaba ezi-3: empumalanga, maphakathi nasentshonalanga.. Iningi leziqongo eziphakeme kakhulu zitholakala esigabeni esimaphakathi.
Isiqongo esikhulu kunazo zonke yi-Aneto enokuphakama kwamamitha angu-3.404. Ilandelwa yiPosets peak, enamamitha ayi-3,375 wokuphakama, neMonte Perdido, ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha angu-3,355. Ngokungafani nezinye izintaba zomhlaba ezinezikweletu ezifanayo, ukukhula kwezinguzunga zeqhwa kubuthakathaka ngandlela thile. Kukhona ezinye endaweni esentshonalanga nasenkabeni kepha azikho engxenyeni esempumalanga. Yize kungazinzile, izinga leqhwa lingahluka ngokuya ngezindawo. Imvamisa ingafinyelela kumamitha angu-2.700 XNUMX ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Yizintaba ezinamacala amakhulu futhi ezingadonswa yimifula emide kakhulu. Okugqame ngamaPyrenees ukuthi anemihume eminingi nemifula engaphansi komhlaba.
Ukwakheka nesimo sezulu samaPyrenees
Endaweni emaphakathi yePyrenees sithola isimo sezulu esomile nesibandayo. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezisempumalanga sinamahlobo athanda ukufudumala kakhulu. Ingxenye esentshonalanga ithinteka kakhulu yimisinga yomoya enomswakama evela e-Atlantic Ocean. Eminyakeni edlule ukuguguleka kwama-geological agents ahlukahlukene kanye nokushoda kobukhona bezinguzunga zeqhwa ezinkulu noma ezibalulekile kwenza ukuthi ubuso bezintaba buguge. Kodwa-ke, bebelokhu belondoloza usayizi wabo izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ungabona imihosha, imithambeka enamadwala kanye namathafa athile e-karst enza imihlaba ibe ngeyabo.
Kwezinye izindawo zezingxenye eziphakemeyo kuye kwenzeka ukubona izimpawu ezindala zokuqhuma okungenzeka kushiye ubufakazi lapho sibona ukwakheka kwama-cirque nezigodi ngendlela ka-U. Siyakhumbula ukuthi izigodi eziku-V zijwayelekile imifula nalezo Ezimiswe njengo-U futhi zingumphumela wezinguzunga zeqhwa. Kunemithombo ethile yamanzi ashisayo acebile ngamaminerali.
Mayelana nokwakheka kwayo, ezinye izidalwa zitholakele kumaPyrenees avela kuPaleozoic naseMesozoic. Noma kunjalo, ukuvela kwayo kokuma komhlaba kubuyela emuva ku-Precambrian. Ukwakheka kwayo kungenxa yokushayisana kwe-microcontinent Iberia nengxenye eseningizimu yepuleti lase-Eurasia. Bobabili baqala ukunyakaza basondelana baze bashayisana. Ngenxa yokushayisana, uqweqwe lwasukuma futhi uhla lwezintaba lwakhiwa. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-100-150 edlule.
Indawo emaphakathi yePyrenees iqukethe iSlate negranite amadwala awo cishe aneminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-200 ubudala. Iphinde yakhiwe ngamatshe amatshe amatshe amatshe, i-sandstone, i-dolomite, nezinye izinhlobo zamatshe amadwala.
Izimbali nezilwane zasePyrenees
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, iPyrenees inezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zeRita okuhloswe ngazo ukuthi zigcinwe. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-3.500 200 zezitshalo zihlala ndawonye, zazo ezingama-XNUMX zazo ezikhona. Kumele kubhekwe ukuthi izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuphela ezihlukile emvelweni futhi zinenani elikhulu ngokwendalo. Njengoba imvula iningi kakhulu engxenyeni esentshonalanga ngenxa yethonya le-Atlantic, siyabona ukuthi uhlaza luthokoza kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaPyrenees asempumalanga awakwazi ukubhekana nenani elikhulu lezinhlobo.
Izimbali zasePyrenees zakhiwa ngamahlathi nezintaba eziphakeme lapho ezinye izinhlobo zigqama khona, njenge-Carrascan oak, i-oak ephansi, iphayini lamatshe nomjunipha. Phakathi kwezinye zezinhlobo eziyingqayizivele zendawo ekhona yalezi zinhlelo zemvelo sinezitshalo zohlobo lweXatardia.
Ngokuqondene nezilwane, imelwe ikakhulukazi yi-desman yase-Iberia. Kukhona namabhere athile, kanye ne-lynx yase-Iberia, inqe elinentshebe, i-newt yasePyrenean, izimvemvane I-Erebia rondoui nemollusk UHelicella nubigena.
Umnotho
Kunezimayini ezithile zensimbi, amalahle namalignite amadiphozi ayindlala uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindawo. Umnotho wale ndawo usekelwe ikakhulu ezinkuni nasezitshanini. Abanye imifudlana isetshenziselwa ukwakha izitshalo eziphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi. I-Talc ne-zinc kukhishwe lapha. Amadolobha azungezile asebenza kakhulu kwezolimo nemfuyo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngamaPyrenees nezici zawo.