Emkhathini kunezigidigidi zezinkanyezi ezitholakala futhi zisakazwa emkhathini. Ngamunye wabo unezici eziyingqayizivele futhi phakathi kwalezo zici sinombala. Kuwo wonke umlando wesintu, kuye kwabuzwa imibuzo Zinombala onjani izinkanyezi.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi izinkanyezi zinjani umbala, ungazitshela kanjani nokuthi zithinta kanjani ukuthi zinombala owodwa noma omunye.
Zinombala onjani izinkanyezi
Esibhakabhakeni singathola izinkulungwane zezinkanyezi zikhanya, nakuba inkanyezi ngayinye inokukhanya okuhlukile, kuye ngobukhulu bayo, "iminyaka" noma ibanga ukusuka kithi. Kodwa uma sizibhekisisa noma sizibuka ngesibonakude, siyabona ukuthi, ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkanyezi zingaba nemibala ehlukahlukene noma imithunzi, kusukela kokubomvu kuya kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngakho sithola izinkanyezi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma izinkanyezi ezibomvu. Kunjalo nge-Antares ekhazimulayo, igama layo elisho kahle ukuthi "Imbangi ye-Mars" njengoba iqhudelana nemibala egqamile yeplanethi ebomvu.
Umbala wezinkanyezi ngokuyisisekelo uncike ekushiseni kwezindawo zazo. Ngakho, nakuba kubonakala kuphikisana, izinkanyezi eziluhlaza yizinkanyezi ezishisa kakhulu futhi ezibomvu yizona ezibanda kakhulu (noma kunalokho, kushisa kakhulu). Singakuqonda kalula lokhu kungqubuzana okusobala uma sikhumbula i-spectrum cishe sonke esafundiswa esikoleni sisezingane. Ngokusho kwe-electromagnetic spectrum, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunamandla kakhulu kunokukhanya kwe-infrared. Ngakho-ke, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusho imisebe enamandla kakhulu futhi enamandla ngakho-ke ihambisana namazinga okushisa aphezulu.
Ngakho, kusayensi yezinkanyezi, izinkanyezi zishintsha umbala kuye ngezinga lokushisa lazo neminyaka yobudala. Esibhakabhakeni sithola izinkanyezi eziluhlaza nezimhlophe noma izinkanyezi eziwolintshi noma ezibomvu. Isibonelo, i-Blue Star Bellatrix inezinga lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-25.000 Kelvin. Izinkanyezi ezibomvu njengeBetelgeuse zifinyelela amazinga okushisa angu-2000 K kuphela.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinkanyezi ngombala
Ku-astronomy, izinkanyezi zihlukaniswe ngamakilasi angu-7 ahlukene ngokusekelwe kumbala nosayizi wazo. Lezi zigaba zimelelwe ngezinhlamvu futhi zihlukaniswe ngezinombolo. Isibonelo, izinkanyezi ezincane kunazo zonke (ezincane, ezishisayo) ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi zihlukaniswa njengezinkanyezi zohlobo lwe-O. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkanyezi ezindala kunazo zonke (ezinkulu kunazo zonke, ezipholile kunazo zonke) zihlukaniswa njengezinkanyezi zohlobo lwe-M. ILanga lethu licishe lilingane nobukhulu yenkanyezi ephakathi nendawo futhi inombala ophuzi. Inezinga lokushisa elingaphezulu elingu-5000-6000 Kelvin futhi lithathwa njengenkanyezi ye-G2. Njengoba ikhula, ilanga liya likhula futhi libande, kuyilapho liba bomvu. Kodwa lokho kusasele izigidigidi zeminyaka
Umbala wezinkanyezi ukhombisa iminyaka yazo
Futhi, umbala wezinkanyezi usinika umbono weminyaka yazo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkanyezi ezincane kunazo zonke zine-bluer hue, kuyilapho izinkanyezi ezindala zinombala obomvu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho inkanyezi isencane, ikhiqiza amandla engeziwe futhi izinga lokushisa likhuphuka likhuphuka. Ngokuphambene, njengoba izinkanyezi zikhula, zikhiqiza amandla amancane futhi zipholile, zibe bomvu. Nokho, lobu budlelwano phakathi kweminyaka yayo nezinga lokushisa abukho emhlabeni wonke ngoba kuncike ngobukhulu benkanyezi. Uma inkanyezi inkulu kakhulu, izoshisa uphethiloli ngokushesha futhi ibe bomvu ngesikhathi esincane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinkanyezi ezinkulu ezincane "ziphila" isikhathi eside futhi zithatha isikhathi eside ukushintsha zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Kwezinye izimo, sibona izinkanyezi ezisondelene kakhulu futhi ezinemibala ehluke kakhulu. Lesi yisimo senkanyezi ye-albino eCygnus. Iso lenyama, U-Albireo ubukeka njengenkanyezi evamile. Kodwa ngesibonakude noma izibonakude sizoyibona njengenkanyezi eyodwa yombala ohluke kakhulu. Inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu iphuzi (Albireo A) futhi umngane wayo uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (Albireo B). Akungabazeki ukuthi ingenye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu futhi kulula ukuzibona kabili.
ukucwayiza noma ukucwayiza
I-Sirius ingenye ekhanya kakhulu enyakatho nenkabazwe futhi ibonakala kalula ebusika. Uma i-Sirius iseduze kakhulu nomkhathizwe, ibonakala ikhanya ngayo yonke imibala njengamalambu ephathi. Lesi simo asikhiqizwa yinkanyezi, kodwa ngokuthile okuseduze kakhulu: umkhathi wethu. Izingqimba ezihlukene zomoya emazingeni okushisa ahlukene emkhathini wethu zisho ukuthi ukukhanya okuvela enkanyezini akulandeli indlela eqondile, kodwa kushintsha ngokuphindaphindiwe njengoba kuhamba emkhathini wethu. Lokhu kwaziwa izazi zezinkanyezi eziyimfundamakhwela njengokunyakaza komkhathi, okwenza izinkanyezi "zicwayize."
Akungabazeki uyobe ukubonile ukunyakaza zasendle kwezinkanyezi, ukuthi njalo "cwayiza" noma "cwayiza". Futhi, uzoqaphela ukuthi lokhu kucwayiza kuba namandla kakhulu njengoba sisondela emkhathizwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho inkanyezi isondela emkhathizwe, yilapho ukukhanya kwayo kufanele kudlule khona ukuze kufinyelele kithi, ngakho-ke yilapho ithinteka kakhulu ukunyakaza komkhathi. Yebo, endabeni ye-Sirius, ekhanya kakhulu, umphumela ubonakala nakakhulu. Ngakho, ngobusuku obuguquguqukayo naseduze komkhathizwe, lesi sidumo senza inkanyezi ibonakale ingami, futhi siyibheka njengeveza izithunzi ezihlukahlukene. Umthelela wemvelo nowansuku zonke ongajwayelekile ezinkanyezini, ophinde uthinte ikhwalithi yokubuka kanye nezithombe zezinkanyezi.
Zikhanya isikhathi esingakanani izinkanyezi?
Izinkanyezi zingakhanya izigidigidi zeminyaka. Kodwa akukho okuhlala phakade. Uphethiloli abanawo wokusebenzisa amandla enuzi unomkhawulo futhi uyaphela. Uma ingekho i-hydrogen engashisa, i-helium fusion iyathatha, kodwa ngokungafani neyangaphambili, inamandla kakhulu. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inkanyezi yandise izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane zobukhulu bayo basekuqaleni ekupheleni kokuphila kwayo, ibe umdondoshiya. Ukwandiswa futhi kubenza balahlekelwe ukushisa phezulu futhi kudingeke basabalalise amandla engeziwe endaweni enkulu, yingakho bebomvu. Okuhlukile yilezi zinkanyezi ezinkulu ezibomvu, ezaziwa ngokuthi ibhande lezinkanyezi ezinkulu.
Imidondoshiya ebomvu ayihlali isikhathi eside futhi ngokushesha idla amafutha amancane asele. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukusabela kwenuzi ngaphakathi kwenkanyezi kuyaphela ukuze kusekele inkanyezi: amandla adonsela phansi adonsa phezu kwawo wonke futhi ashwabene inkanyezi ize ibe yinto encane. Ngenxa yalokhu kucindezelwa okunonya, amandla agxilile futhi izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu liyakhuphuka, empeleni lishintsha ukukhanya kwawo kube mhlophe. Isidumbu senkanyezi simhlophe qwa. Lezi zidumbu zezinkanyezi zingenye into ehlukile ezinkanyezini eziyinhloko ezilandelanayo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi izinkanyezi zinjani umbala nokuthi zithonya ini.