Ngo-November 1904, iqhwa elikhulu kunawo wonke alotshwe emlandweni wesimo sezulu kwenzeka edolobheni Madrid, kokubili isikhathi eside (kusukela November 27, 1904) kanye ukumboza iqhwa. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwemibili kamuva, ngo-February 1907, elinye iqhwa elinamandla lahlasela inhloko-dolobha yaseSpain, lashiya amamaki afanayo futhi labangela izinkinga eziningi, nakuba ngo-November 1904 kwaba nokwanda okuphawulekayo kweqhwa. Okukhulu Ukuwa kweqhwa eMadrid ngo-1904 yashiya uphawu lwayo futhi, kuze kube namuhla, akakaze adlulwe uFilomena.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana nokuwa kweqhwa okukhulu kweMadrid ngo-1904.
Iqhwa elikhulu eMadrid ngo-1904
Lena yindlela u-Inocencio Font Tullot aphawula ngayo encwadini yakhe ethi «Historia del clima de España» (INM, 1988): «EMadrid, kusukela ngoNovemba 27 kuya ku-30, 1904, lakhithika kakhulu, nongqimba lweqhwa elifinyelela kumitha ukujiya. emapaki, izindawo zokudlela kanye nasezindleleni zokuhamba.”
Ukuwa kweqhwa okungavamile akungabazeki. Ngaphezu kokuthola amarekhodi afanelekile, i-Central Institute of Meteorology (ICM) [manje eyi-AEMET], ngaleso sikhathi eyayisakhiweni sombhoshongo omdala osebenza ngogesi (“El Castillo”) eParque del Retiro, nayo yaqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi wayo ojwayelekile. kwakungenxa yokuwa kweqhwa elinzima. Ukuwa kwemigqa eminingi yetelegraph enhlokodolobha kuvimbe imininingwane eminingi eyayitholwa lapho nsuku zonke ukuthi ingafiki ngesikhathi.
Ku-Daily Meteorological Bulletin kusukela ngoNovemba 27 kuya ku-30, 1904, u-Augusto Arcimís, uMqondisi we-ICM, wabhala ngesandla sakhe esikhaleni esinikezelwe «isimo sezulu esingenzeka» (ukubikezela): Izimemezelo okufanele zikhishwe». Ngaphezu kwalokhu, embhalweni wosuku ochaza isimo (isimo sezulu esivamile), u-Arcimís waqokomisa izinkinga iqhwa. weza nomsebenzi wakhe futhi akakwazanga ukusakaza isikhangiso ngesikhathi njengoba kudingekile. Isiphepho safika eGulf of Cadiz, sajova umoya omanzi, futhi sabhekana namakhaza awela endaweni efudumele ngayizolo.
belinjani iqhwa
Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, iqhwa laqala futhi laqhubeka ngomhla ka-27 (neziphazamiso ezithile lapho lina imvula) kwaze kwaba ngo-30. Ukuba khona kwesiphepho esijulile sase-Atlantic esivela eMadeira sisondela eGulf of Cádiz futhi kamuva sawela i-English Channel ne-Alberland. indawo kwaba yimbangela yesimo esihle kakhulu njengoba lalikhithika kakhulu eMadrid nakwezinye izindawo eziningi ze-peninsula yangaphakathi. Wathola umoya obandayo ovela ezigxotsheni ezazizinze eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia ezinsukwini ngaphambi kokuwa kweqhwa, njengoba bethi, kwakuyisimo sezincwadi zokufunda, enhloko-dolobha kwakhithika iqhwa amahora angu-32, nogqinsi lweqhwa elisukela kumasentimitha angu-70 kuya kwangu-150. kuye ngokuthi isifunda, ikhubaze ngokuphelele idolobha.
amaphephandaba kanye nezindaba
Imilando eyanyatheliswa emaphephandabeni angaleso sikhathi ifakazela ngokwethembeka ubukhulu nezici ezingavamile zalelo qhwa. Ohlelweni lwakusihlwa lwe-El Grafico, ngoLwesithathu, November 30, 1904, kufundeka lokhu okulandelayo: «Ukuvuka nemvula, ngo-10 ekuseni imvula yaphenduka iqhwa. Ukulimala okwengeziwe kwemigqa yetelegraph nezintambo ze-tram. Zonke izigxobo kusukela ePorto Toledo kuya eCalabanchel Alto ziwile. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-tram kuyaqhubeka nokuphazanyiswa ezindaweni eziningi.
Omunye wemibiko ephelele kakhulu mayelana nokuwa kweqhwa uvele ephephandabeni elithi "El Imparcial" ngoLwesine, ngo-December 1, 1904. Sibhala ngaphansi kwesigaba sokuqala somlando, njengoba sibonisa kahle izinkinga ezinkulu iqhwa eliye labangela enhloko-dolobha yaseSpain.
“Alikho iqhwa eMadrid elikhunjulwa liningi noma inqobo nje leli esibhekene nalo manje. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuphila eMadrid kuye kwaphazamiseka. Azikho izitimela, amathilamu noma izimoto; imigwaqo nezindlela zimbozwe ungqimba lweqhwa eliwuhhafu wemitha futhi ukuhamba kuyingozi futhi kuhamba kancane. Ukuhlinzekwa kwezimakethe kwenziwa ngobunzima, futhi akukho mzila wesitimela noma izimoto eziletha ukuhlinzekwa okuvela emadolobheni aseduze ezinganikeza insizakalo yazo yokushayela. Yonke imisebenzi eyenziwa endaweni evulekile imisiwe futhi izinkulungwane zabasebenzi azinawo umsebenzi.
Ukubukeka kwabantu kuyadabukisa futhi kuyincithakalo. Imigwaqo icishe ibe nesizungu, izitolo eziningi zivaliwe, amathilomu awagcwele kakhulu, imidlalo yeshashalazi imisiwe izolo, kuphazamiseke ukuxhumana ngocingo, iningi lezakhamizi lizivalele ezindlini... IMadrid iqala inyanga yokugcina yonyaka njengoba idolobha elifile futhi ligqitshwe ngaphansi kwamabhulokhi amakhulu etshe lemabula.
I-Gravure ephrintiwe yayisencane ngaleso sikhathi, ngakho-ke zazingekho izithombe eziningi zokuwa kweqhwa noma abantu abenza izibalo. Zazingekho izithombe zeNkosi u-Alfonso XIII ngalezo zinsuku, kodwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, ngo-December 8, Kwavela isithombe sakhe esemotweni yakhe entsha, eshicilelwe ngumagazini weNew World.
Wona lo magazini waphinde washicilela izithombe zokukhithika kweqhwa ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zedolobha ngalolo suku, kuhlanganise nesifanekiso seqhwa esenziwa abantu esikhathini esidlule maphakathi nekhasi. Kulokhu, yinkosikazi ehloniphekile.
Ngemuva kokuveza ukuthi likhithike linganqamuki amahora angama-32, nokuthi ungqimba olumhlophe selufinyelele ngaphezu kwemitha ezindaweni ezinjengePlaza Colón, iMundo Nuevo ilandisa ngomonakalo obangelwe yiqhwa, njengokuvuleka kwezimbobo emigwaqweni ethile yemigwaqo kanye ne-National Books Okwenzeka inkundla, izitebhisi zaba ama-ramps eqhwa.
Nevada of Madrid ngo-1904 kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Esimeni samanje sokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, kunzima, noma kungenzeki, ngeMadrid ukuthi iphinde ibe neqhwa elikhulu kangaka. Nakuba ukunyuka kwezinga lokushisa kuyiqiniso elingephikiswe, futhi konke kubonisa ukuthi kuzoqhubeka emashumini ambalwa eminyaka azayo, ukuba nokwenzeka kwephethini yesimo sezulu efana nalena eyenzeka ekupheleni kukaNovemba 1904 angeke kukhishwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngaleso sikhathi, amathuba okukhithika kweqhwa elinamandla eMadrid ayephakeme kakhulu kunamanje, kodwa uma kubhekwa ukutsheka kwakamuva kokujikeleza komkhathi ezindaweni zethu, singase sibe nokufana okufanayo.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda okwengeziwe mayelana nokuwa kweqhwa okukhulu eMadrid ngo-1904.