Uma sikhuluma ngokujula kwesihogo kwiplanethi yethu sikhuluma ngephuzu elisondele kakhulu enkabeni yomhlaba. Kulokhu, noma kungelona iphuzu elisondele kakhulu, liyindawo ejulile erekhodwe cishe ngamamitha ayi-11.000 ukujula. Sikhuluma nge UMariana Trench. Umuntu ukwazile ukufinyelela cishe ekugcineni kwalawa mathuna, kepha akukaze kufike ngokuphelele.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana neMariana Trench kanye nezifiso zayo.
Indawo esihogweni
Kuyo yonke iplanethi yethu kunezinto eziningi ezisabalele emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, iMariana Trench isibe yindawo ejulile emhlabeni. Lapha sinengcindezi nangaphezulu kwama-atmospheres ayi-1000, ama-degree amane nje okushisa nobumnyama ngokuphelele. Njengoba kujule kakhulu, ukukhanya kwelanga akufinyeleli lapha. Kubonakala sengathi yisihogo esesabeka kunazo zonke esingacabanga ngaso futhi sibizwa ngokuthi yisikhungo seplanethi noma isihogo. Yize isengxenyeni ejulile yomhlaba, singakuthola ukuphila. Inesimo secrescent futhi itholakala empumalanga yeziQhingi zaseMariana ePhilippines.
Indawo ejulile emhlabeni itholakala kulo mgodi, yize kungesona esiseduze kakhulu nesikhungo sayo ngenxa yokungajwayelekile kwe-geoid yethu. Inokujula okungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-11.000 ngaphansi kobuso bomhlaba. Uma sifaka iMount Everest ngaphakathi kuyo, kusazothatha amamitha ambalwa ukusondela ngaphezulu. Kulo mbhede umuntu wenze uphenyo oluningi. Owokuqala wabo wawungo-1960. Lapha i-Aguste Piccard edumile, kanye noDon Walsh bafinyelela ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-10.911. Kamuva, ngo-2012, umenzi wefilimu uJames Cameron wakwazi ukwehla waya kumamitha ayi-10.908 10.928. Ukuqoshwa kwahlelwa nguVictor Vescovo efinyelela ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-XNUMX. Umbono wale ndoda wawudumaza impela. Futhi wakwazi ukubona izinsalela zokungcola komuntu ngisho nasekujuleni kolwandle.
Kulo mgodi kunenqwaba yokungcola kwepulasitiki, futhi yize kuyindawo ejulile emhlabeni, eyisimo esinyumba futhi esicishe sibe ngohlangothi, ukungcola kukhona lapha.
Okuhlala eMfuleni waseMariana
Uhambo oluya ezansi koMsele WaseMariana lufana nohambo lokuya endaweni yokuba wedwa kakhulu. Yize sikhululekile ekubeni khona komuntu kulawa mazulu, asisodwa. Yize zimbalwa izidalwa ezikwaziyo ukusinda kulezi zimo ezimbi kakhulu, kukhona ezinye ezikwenzayo. Ngo-2011 kwatholakala ukuthi ezansi kwalasha kwakukhona izidalwa ezithile ezingavumelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi yizinto eziphilayo ezifana nezipanji zasolwandle nezinye izilwane lapho uthi nhlá.
Ukuze usinde kulezi zindawo, okunye ukuguquguquka okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuyadingeka. Ziyizilwanyana ezincane ezihlelwe ngezakhiwo mbumbulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi banamaqembu athile ahleliwe abonakala eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho ayikho ngempela. Zikhethekile kakhulu ukuze zikwazi ukuhlala kulezi zimo cishe ezingenakwenzeka empilweni. Ngokuba nalolu hlobo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo, badlulela ngokweqile, sekuyizinto ezintekenteke kakhulu futhi alikho iqoqo elilodwa lokulifunda empilweni. Okwamanje, kubonakala njengomsebenzi ongenakwenzeka ukukwazi ukutadisha lezi zilwane ziphila ngendlela ephumelelayo.
Okuningi esikwaziyo ngalezi zinto eziphilayo kunezihlobo ezaziwa njengeXenophyophorea. Kuyisigaba sabaculi, okuyizinto eziphilayo ezinama-unicellular phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-amoebae. Lawa ma-xenophiophores yizilwane ezinwetshelwe kuzo olwandle ekujuleni okungaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-6.000. Kulesi sigaba sabaphenyi sithola izilwane okunzima kakhulu ukuzisingatha ezisalokhu ziyimfihlakalo ngezindlela eziningi.
Ngenxa yesibalo esikhulu salezi zilwane, izazi zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle zizama ukuqagela iqhaza lalezi zinhlelo zemvelo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi bangaba nayo indima ebalulekile emjikelezweni wezidalwa ezihlala phansi. Ngaphezu kwama-xenophiophores, sithola ezinye izinto ezincane ezihlala olwandle. Izibonelo zalezi zinto eziphilayo kunzima ukuzithola njengoba zimelana ngokulambisa noshintsho olungazelelwe olunjalo ezimweni zemvelo. Ukuba nokujwayela olwandle kwalezi zinhlelo zemvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunzima kubo ukuzivumelanisa nezinye.
Izinhlobo zeMariana Trench
Uma sijule kancane, sathola izinhlanzi ezijulile phakathi kwazo lapho sathola ezinye ngezicubu ze-gelatinous. Lesi sicubu asihambisani kakhulu futhi siyawa lapho ingcindezi namazinga okushisa engewona aweMariana Trench lapho ahlala khona. Ezinye zezinhlobo ezihlala kulezi zindawo ezijulile zenza le ndawo ibonakale inesizungu ngokumangalisayo yize ikhona.
Ngokungafani nalokho okwenzeka kwezinye izimali ezijulile emgodini wasekuseni, akukho bioturbation okubonwayo. I-bioturbation ayilutho ngaphandle kokulungiswa okuthile endaweni okwenziwe isenzo sezilwane. Isibonelo, sithola i-bioturbations ebangelwa izikelemu noma ama-holothurians angakwazi ukubumba indawo ngomsebenzi wabo webhayoloji. Izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu ezihlala ekujuleni okungaba ngamamitha ayi-8.000 ngama-amphipods. Ziyizilwane ezinokubukeka okufana ne-llamas futhi ziseqenjini lama-crustaceans.
Ezinye izinhlobo zama-cephalopods afana nama-squid okuthiwa ama-squid amakhulu angafinyelela kulokhu kujula. Akukaziwa ngokuqinisekile, kepha yizilwane eziguqulelwe ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Lapho sesingene sajula kakhulu, sathola ama-cnidarians, afaka i-jellyfish nama-hydra. Sithole nezinye izinhlanzi ezinamazinyo, izinhlanzi ezingaboni, amanye ama-crustaceans anemilenze emide, namakhukhamba asolwandle abukeka angajwayelekile.
Phakathi kwendawo yehadal kanye nexwayiso etholakala ekujuleni phakathi kwamamitha ayi-4.000 kuya kwizi-6.000 sinezilwane ezithile ezinokubonakala kwabafokazi. Nazi izimpawu ezesabisa kakhulu zemvelo yethu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngeMariana Trench nezimpawu zayo.