Omunye wemibuzo abantu abaye bazibuza yona kuwo wonke umlando uwukuthi Linjani umbala welanga. Futhi wukuthi uma sibheka esibhakabhakeni singakwazi ukuvula amehlo ethu ngenxa yokukhanya okukhulu okuvela enkosini ilanga. Bekulokhu kucatshangwa ukuthi, kokubili ngenxa yokukhanya nangenxa yokuncane okungabonakala, ilanga liphuzi. Nokho, ingabe kunjalo ngempela?
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi ilanga linemibala enjani nokuthi ososayensi bakwazi kanjani ukulithola.
Ingabe ilanga liphuzi?
Uma othile ekucela ukuthi udwebe ilanga, maningi amathuba okuthi ungangabazi ukusebenzisa okuphuzi. Noma, ukuze wengeze umbala othile, yifake ngowolintshi noma obomvu. Uma sibheka phezulu esibhakabhakeni, esikubonayo kuyindilinga esagolide ekhazimulayo, engase ibe bomvu kancane njengoba kuhwalala. Nokho, lokhu kuwumphumela nje ohlangene wamehlo nokusebenzelana komkhathi phansi. Eqinisweni, ilanga aliphuzi, alibomvu, aliwolintshi.
Eqinisweni, iLanga, njengazo zonke izinkanyezi ezikhipha ukukhanya namandla, likhipha izinhlayiya zokukhanya kuwo wonke umkhakha wezinto ezibonakalayo, owaziwa ngokuthi ama-photon. Okusho ukuthi, uma sisebenzisa i-prism ukuhlukanisa ukukhanya kwelanga, sithola ihlukaniswe ngokubomvu, okuwolintshi, okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oku-violet: yonke imibala ebonakalayo ngeso lomuntu.
Eqinisweni, uthingo luwubufakazi obukhulu balokhu. Ukukhanya kwelanga kuhamba emkhathini ngosuku lwemvula futhi kuhlala phakathi nethonsi lemvula, lapho kuphazamiseka khona lapho kuhlangana namathonsi emvula, njengoba nje nethonsi lemvula liyiprism. Umphumela uwukuhlukaniswa kwalokhu kukhanya okuhlangene kuyo yonke imibala ekuhlanganisayo: imibala yothingo.
Ngakho, ingabe kungashiwo ukuthi ilanga linemibala eminingi? Impendulo ithi cha. Ngokufanayo, ilanga empeleni likhipha yonke le mibala ngesikhathi esisodwa, ngakho umbala walo oyisici uyingxube yayo yonke: emhlophe. Isibonelo ngamafu, esiwabona emhlophe ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga. Uma ilanga linemibala eminingi, kodwa umbala walo ungashintshi ube munye, sizobona amafu anemibala eminingi ehlukahlukene.
Linjani umbala welanga
Njengemiphumela eminingi ye-optical, umbala ophuzi othathwe eMhlabeni kungenxa yomkhathi womhlaba. Lolu ngqimba lwegesi oluzungeza uMhlaba lunenani elikhulu lezinhlayiya ezihlakazekile ezingaphazamisa ukusakazeka kwama-photon, ziguqule ama-trajectories azo futhi ziwahlakaze.
Imibala ehlukene ekhona ku-spectrum ihlukile komunye nomunye ngobude bayo obungamaza. Ngakho-ke, umbala obomvu uzoba nobude begagasi bude kakhulu, bufinyeze njengoba sihamba ngomugqa we-spectral sibheke kuwolintshi, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, njll., kuze kube yi-violet, okuyinto iyona enobude beza obufushane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izinhlayiya ezinamaza amaza amancane zivame ukutholakala kalula ekuphazamisekeni kwezinye izinhlayiya, ezishintsha ukunyakaza kwazo nokuphikiswa.
Ngakho-ke lapho ukukhanya okumhlophe kungena emkhathini futhi kuhlangana nezinhlayiya ezimisiwe, imibala enobude obufushane wamaza, okuwukuthi u-violet noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, "iyalahleka" phezulu. Ezinde kuphela: ezibomvu, eziwolintshi neziphuzi, izinto ezaziwayo ukunika ilanga umbala. Eqinisweni, uma singaphuma emkhathini siye emkhathini, ilanga beliyobonakala limhlophe ngoba bekungeke kube khona izinhlayiya phakathi ezingase zihlukanise amaza amancane kakhulu.
Noma kunjalo, ngokumangalisayo, lapho ubude begagasi obude kakhulu bokufika bubomvu, umbala ophawuleka kakhulu uphuzi. Eqinisweni, ososayensi bayachaza, umbala ophuzi awubangelwa nje ubude beza obuthile obuphuzi, kodwa uyingxube yayo yonke imibala engazuzwa.: obomvu, ophuzi, owolintshi futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-shades athile ohlaza.
Kungani libukeka libomvu kakhulu ekushoneni kwelanga?
Pho kungani umbala welanga ushintsha usuku lonke? Kungani umbala uba phuzi emini futhi ubebomvu ekushoneni kwelanga? Isixazululo sale nkinga sise-engeli lapho ukukhanya kushaya khona phezulu. Lesi senzakalo saziwa ku-Optics ngokuthi i-Rayleigh scattering, futhi yenza ilanga libonakale linemibala ehlukahlukene kuye ngokuthi i-engeli yalo kumaplanethi.
Ngakho lapho ilanga lishona, liseduze nomkhathizwe, ngoba ukuze kufinyelele iso lomuntu obukele, ukukhanya kuzodlula ezinhlayiyeni eziningi zomkhathi ngoba kukude. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi imibala ene-wavelength ephansi ilahleke empukaneni, futhi umphumela wokubomvu ugqame kakhulu. Ekuseni, isibhakabhaka siphenduka sibebomvu ngokusa, futhi lesi sigameko senzeka ngendlela efanayo, kuphela lesi simo esikhanya kakhulu ngoba izinkanyezi ziyavela.
umbala oluhlaza ilanga
Eminyakeni yamuva, imishini yesimanje yokuhlola umkhathi yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukusebenzisa i-spectrum echazwe kahle kakhulu ekhishwa ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngenxa yalokho, ngokwenza amagrafu anemininingwane ngedatha eqoqiwe, kwatholakala ukuthi kwakukhona isiqongo esincane ekuphumeni okuhambisana nobude obuluhlaza.
Nakuba ingabonakali ngeso lomuntu, ngisho nasemkhathini, kubonakala kunomfutho omkhulu ekuphumeni kombala wesine, njengoba ukukhishwa kuqhubeka kuyo yonke i-spectrum futhi umphumela usamhlophe. Ososayensi bengeze ngokuthi leli qiniso lingase libangelwe isikhathi nesikhathi senkanyezi, futhi ngokuhamba kweminyaka lokhu kukhishwa kungancipha kuphinde kwande ngaphandle kokuphazamisa indlela ukukhanya okwamukelwa ngayo eMhlabeni.
Nokho, ngokwesazi sezinkanyezi uGonzalo Tancredi, le ndlela yokucabanga inengqondo kakhulu ngoba ifakazela incazelo ye-tint yelanga ephuzi. Kuwukuthi, lapho izinhlayiya zomkhathi “ziqeda” lezo ezinobude obuncane, inhlanganisela yalezo zinhlayiya ezifikayo ikhiqiza umbala ophuzi obonakalayo. Ngisho nangaphezulu kwayo, uma ukuqina kohlaza kuphakeme, okuphuzi kuzobusa. Ngamazwi ososayensi ngokwakhe: “Ukube i-solar spectrum ibidwetshwa, ibingabukeka njengentaba enkulu, eneziqongo ezihambisana nezifunda eziluhlaza. Uma ususa ingxenye eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yaleyo ntaba namagagasi amafushane, iziqongo zizoba phuzi."
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ilanga linjani umbala nokuthi ukwazile ukulithola kanjani.