Isimo sezulu sePolar

Wake wazibuza sinjani isimo sezulu se-polar? Siyazi ukuthi kubanda kakhulu, nokuthi indawo embozwe iqhwa cishe unyaka wonke, kepha ... kungani kunjalo? Yimaphi amazinga okushisa aphansi futhi aphakeme ngempela aqoshwe ezindaweni lapho analolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu?

Kulesi esikhethekile ngizokutshela konke mayelana nesimo sezulu se-polar, kubanda kakhulu okukhona eMhlabeni.

Izici zesimo sezulu se-polar

Isimo sezulu se-polar sibonakala cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi sinaso amazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka-0ºC, ukwazi ukufika kuze kube -93ºC (eNyakatho Pole), ngoba imisebe yelanga ifika ithambekele kakhulu maqondana nobuso bomhlaba. Imvula iyindlala kakhulu, umswakama ohlobene uphansi kakhulu futhi umoya uvunguza ngamandla amakhulu afinyelela ku-97km / h, ngakho-ke ukuhlala lapha cishe akunakwenzeka (yize, njengoba sizobona ngezansi, kunezilwane ezithile nezitshalo ezikwazile ukuzivumelanisa nale ndawo enobutha).

Ilanga emapalini likhanya lingaphazanyiswa izinyanga eziyisithupha (entwasahlobo nasehlobo). Lezi zinyanga zaziwa ngegama lika »Usuku lwePolar». Kepha kwezinye eziyisithupha (ekwindla nasebusika) ihlala ifihliwe, yingakho yaziwa njenge »Ubusuku Bepolar".

Isibonelo segrafu yesimo sezulu se-polar

Ukuthola umbono ocacile wokuthi isimo sezulu esise-polar sinjani kulezi zifunda zomhlaba, ake sithathe isibonelo se-Svalbard, okuyisiqhingi esise-Arctic Glacial Ocean. Inyanga emanzi kakhulu ngu-Agasti, yehla cishe ngo-25mm, kanti eyomile kunazo zonke nguMay, yehla cishe ngo-15mm; Okufudumele kakhulu nokho kunguJuni, okushisa okungu-6-7ºC, futhi ngoJanuwari obanda kakhulu, nge -16ºC.

Itholakala kuphi?

Kwiplanethi yoMhlaba kunezindawo ezimbili ezinkulu ezibandayo, phakathi kuka-65º no-90º inyakatho neningizimu eningizimu, okuyizindawo I-North Pole futhi i ISouth Pole. Kowokuqala, sithola i-Arctic Circle, kuthi kowesibili, kube yi-Antarctic Circle. Kepha kwezinye izindawo eziphakeme zezintaba, ezinjengeziqongo zezintaba ze-Himalaya, i-Andes noma izintaba zase-Alaska, kunesimo sezulu esifana ncamashí ne-polar, ngakho-ke zivame ukufakwa ekubonisweni kwendawo yesimo sezulu se-polar.

Izinhlobo zesimo sezulu se-polar

Noma singacabanga ukuthi kunohlobo olulodwa kuphela lwesimo sezulu se-polar, empeleni luhlukaniswe kabili:

• I-Tundra: ingenye lapho izimila zingakhuli khona kakhulu; iningi utshani obufushane. Njengoba sisondela emibuthanweni esezindaweni ezibandayo, sithola indawo engenamicibisholo cishe. Izitshalo nezilwane ezahlukahlukene zihlala lapha, njengebhere elisendaweni emhlophe.
• Iqhwa noma iqhwa: ihambelana nokuphakama okungaphezulu kwe-4.700m. Izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu: njalo ngaphansi kwezingu-0 degrees.

Isimo sezulu e-Antarctica

Kakhulu, amanani aphansi kakhulu wokushisa arekhodwe e-Antarctica. Isimo sezulu se-tundra senzeka ezindaweni ezisogwini nasenhlonhlweni ye-Antarctic, kanti izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nenyanga yehlobo lingama-degree ama-0, kanti ebusika ubuncane bungehle buye ku -83ºC, nangaphezulu. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo ngu -17ºC.

Ayitholi imisebe yelanga eningi, futhi, kuze kufike kuma-90% alo kuboniswa yiqhwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbela indawo ekushiseni. Ngalesi sizathu, i-Antarctica ibizwa "ngesiqandisi Somhlaba."

Isimo sezulu e-Arctic

Isimo sezulu e-Arctic siqine kakhulu, kepha hhayi ngokweqile njenge-Antarctic. Ubusika buyabanda kakhulu, ngamazinga okushisa angahle aye ku -45ºC, kuze kufike nakuye -68ºC. Ehlobo, elihlala amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi, izinga lokushisa limnandi kakhulu ku-10ºC.

Umswakama uphansi kakhulu, ngaphandle kwasehlobo ezindaweni ezisogwini. Izinga lokushisa unyaka wonke liyabanda kakhulu, futhi namanzi ayahwamuka. Ngokufanayo, imvula iyindlala kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ebusika.

Izimbali zomhlaba

Izimbali ezibandayo zibonakala ngokuba nosayizi omncane impela. Umoya uvunguza ngamandla amakhulu, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuhlala eduze komhlaba ngangokunokwenzeka. Kepha akulula, ngoba ihlala ibanda cishe unyaka wonke. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla bezingakwazi ukuqhubeka ziphile, ngakho-ke umhlaba omncane izitshalo ezingahlala kuwo ukoloniwe ngawo ubulembu, ubulembu y khuhla.

Imifino ingatholakala kuphela ku-tundra, ngoba ezingwadule ezimhlophe zezifunda ezineqhwa izimo azikufanele ukuphila.

Izilwane ezibandayo

Izilwane ezibandayo zibonakala ngokuba nesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuzivikela emakhazeni amakhulu. Ukufeza lokhu, bathathe amafomu ahlukene, ngokwesibonelo: kukhona ezinye ezinengubo eminyene futhi eziqoqa amanoni angaphansi; kukhona abanye abakha imigudu noma imipheme engaphansi komhlaba, futhi kukhona abanye abancamela ukufuduka.

Phakathi kwezilwane ezimele kakhulu sine amabhere polar, okuyisilwane esikhulu kakhulu esincelisayo e-Arctic, i- lobo, the musk inkabi, noma imbuzi yeqhwa. Kukhona nezilwane zasemanzini, njenge ama-focas, Impisi yolwandle, noma oshaka, njenge ISomniosus microcephalus ezondla ngamabhere we-polar.

Futhi ngalokhu siyaphela. Ubucabangani ngemininingwane yesimo sezulu se-polar?