Izimo ezikhona endaweni ezungeze Umhlaba, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi Isimo sezulu sasemkhathini, kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile emhlabeni wethu. Isimo sezulu sasemkhathini sithonywa kakhulu ilanga, elihlanganisa inqwaba yezenzakalo ezinjengama-solar flare, ama-solar mass ejections, neziphepho zelanga noma ze-geomagnetic. Lezi zenzakalo zisebenza njengobufakazi bezinto ezehlukene eziphilwa inkanyezi yethu.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngokujulile ukuthi siyini isimo sezulu sasemkhathini nokuthi sinamiphi imiphumela emhlabeni wethu.
Isiphepho se-Geomagnetic
Nakuba i-magnetosphere isivikela engxenyeni ebalulekile yezinhlayiya ezigcwele ilanga, izenzakalo zezulu zasemkhathini zisenamandla okuthinta iplanethi yethu. Lezi zenzakalo aziphazamisi ukuphila kwethu kwansuku zonke kuphela kodwa futhi izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ezibucayi esithembele kuzo kakhulu, phansi nasemkhathini.
Umoya welanga, isenzakalo lapho ilanga likhipha imifudlana eqhubekayo yezinhlayiya ezinesivinini esikhulu nezinamandla okuthiwa i-plasma, unamandla okuthinta uMhlaba.
Iziphepho ze-Geomagnetic zingabangelwa ukushintshashintsha komoya welanga, njengezimo lapho uphuthuma khona ngesivinini esikhethekile. Lokhu kuguquguquka kunamandla okwenza izinguquko zesikhashana kumagnetosphere kanye ne-ionosphere, ehlanganisa indawo yomkhathi wethu oqala cishe amakhilomitha angama-80 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Iziphepho ezesabekayo kakhulu, ngokuvamile kungumphumela wokukhishwa kwe-coronal mass (CME), kuhilela ukuxoshwa kwezigidigidi zamathani e-plasma nezinto zelanga ezihambisana nemisebe kazibuthe evela engxenyeni engaphandle yomkhathi welanga, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-corona.
Iziphepho eziningi ze-geomagnetic zivame ukuba mnene ngemvelo futhi zinemiphumela emincane emhlabeni wethu. Kodwa-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile kuvela isiphepho esinamandla, esidala ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwingqalasizinda yethu yezobuchwepheshe.
Izici zeziphepho ze-geomagnetic
Iziphepho ze-Geomagnetic, ezingahlala emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, zinamandla okushisa futhi zihlanekezele i-ionosphere yeplanethi yethu, okubangela ukuphazamiseka ezokuxhumana ngomsakazo. Ukwengeza, lezi ziphepho ziphinde zibe nomthelela ezinhlelweni zokubeka indawo emhlabeni jikelele (GPS), ezingase zidale ukunemba kokuzulazula.
Uma kwenzeka kuba nesiphepho se-geomagnetic, kunethuba lokuthi igridi yamandla ingase ikhungatheke, okubangele ukucisha kukagesi okusabalele. Lokhu kwabonakala ngesikhathi sesigameko esishube kakhulu ngo-1989. Ngokubona ubungozi obuhambisana nalezi zenzakalo, Abahlinzeki bakagesi benze izinyathelo zokunciphisa umthelela nokuvimbela umonakalo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akuyona yonke into ehlotshaniswa neziphepho ze-geomagnetic ezimbi. Lezi zenzakalo ezinamandla ziphinde zikhiqize izenzakalo zemvelo ezikhangayo ezibizwa ngokuthi i-polar auroras, ebonakala njenge-aurora borealis enyakatho nenkabazwe kanye ne-aurora australis eningizimu nenkabazwe.
Igama elithi "ukucinywa komsakazo" lisho into ethile eyenzeka ekuxhumaneni. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, indawo ethile yelanga iba nokuqhuma okukhulu kazibuthe, okuholela ekubonakaleni komlilo welanga. Lezi zenzakalo, ezivame ukubonwa eduze kwe Ama-Sunspots akhipha uhla lwemisebe kagesi kagesi ehlanganisa imisebe ye-X, ukukhanya okubonakalayo nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
Isimo sezulu sasemkhathini
Amandla e-ionosphere okubonisa amaza omsakazo webanga elide angase athintwe izinhlobo ezithile zemisebe, okubangele izenzakalo ezaziwa ngokuthi "ukucima komsakazo" Emhlabeni.
Le ntuthuko ithinta yonke imikhakha, ikakhulukazi imboni yezasolwandle kanye neyezindiza, ethembele kakhulu ezokuxhumana ngemisakazo yamaza aphezulu.
Phakathi kwezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene zasemkhathini ezithinta uMhlaba, ukucishwa komsakazo kuvame ukubonwa. Lezi zehlakalo zinomphumela oshesha kakhulu emhlabeni wethu, njengama-X-ray, ahamba ngesivinini esiqhathaniswa nesokukhanya, Bafika eMhlabeni nje emizuzwini eyisishiyagalombili ngemva kokuvela komlilo welanga.
Ukucima komsakazo kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi esifushane, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kungahlala isikhathi eside samahora. Phakathi nama-solar flares, kukhishwa amanani amakhulu ezinhlayiya ezinamandla amakhulu ezinamandla okubangela ukuduma kwezulu nokukhiqiza imisebe yelanga. Ubude balezi zenzakalo bungahluka kusuka emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Nakuba amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba esebenza njengesivikelo emisebeni, ayingeneli ngokuphelele, evumela izinhlayiya ezithile ukuba zephule umgoqo wawo wokuzivikela.
Izinhlayiya zelanga zilandela imigqa yensimu kazibuthe yomhlaba, ehamba ebheke ezigxotsheni futhi ekugcineni engena emkhathini wethu.
Amasekhethi kagesi omkhumbi-mkhathi asengozini yokulimala ngenxa yalezi zinhlayiya. Ukwengeza, i-DNA yosomkhathi nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezisemkhathini nayo isengozini yokulimala.
Abagibeli nabasebenzi bendiza endizayo ezindaweni eziphakeme, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme, bangase bahlangabezane namazinga abalulekile emisebe ngenxa yeziphepho ezinamandla zemisebe yelanga. Ngokuphambene, lezi zivunguvungu ziphinde zidale ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekuxhumaneni kwerediyo yamaza aphezulu okuvela ezindaweni ezipholile.
Ingabe isimo senhlalo singabikezelwa?
NgokukaDkt. Piyush Mehta, umsizi kaprofesa wobunjiniyela bemishini kanye ne-aerospace e-West Virginia University, sekwenziwe izinyathelo zokuvikela ukuvikela umthelela wesimo sezulu emkhathini kubantu, ubuchwepheshe nengqalasizinda yeplanethi yethu.
Nokho, uxwayisa ngokuthi ikhono lethu lokulindela izehlakalo ezingase zibe bucayi lisalokhu lilinganiselwe kakhulu.
UMehta uvumile ukuthi izindiza ezithile zezentengiselwano zizwakalise ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuchayeka emisebeni okungenzeka ngesikhathi sendiza. Ukubhekana nalokhu kukhathazeka, enye indlela izobandakanya ukuhlonza nokugwema izindawo ezinemisebe ephezulu ngesikhathi sohambo lwendiza. Nokho, Leli su lincike emandleni ethu okuthuthukisa amakhono ethu okuqagela, okuyindawo lapho kusadingeka khona ukuthuthukiswa okwengeziwe.
Ukuze balandelele isimo sezulu sasemkhathini, ososayensi basebenzisa uxhaxha lwemikhumbi-mkhathi ezungeza iplanethi yethu nezindawo ezizungezile, kanye nezindawo zokubuka izinto ezisekelwe phansi.
Nakuba ucwaningo olubanzi luye lwaholela ekuthuthukisweni okuphawulekayo ekuqondeni kwethu isimo sezulu sasemkhathini, kusenendlela ende okufanele yenziwe ukuze kufinyelelwe izinga lokumodela nokubikezela eliphikisana nobunkimbinkimbi besimo sezulu soMhlaba. Ngokusho kukaMehta, kukhona ukuxhumana okusheshayo abantu abakwenzayo phakathi kwesimo sezulu sasemkhathini kanye nemizamo yethu yokubikezela isimo sezulu lapha eMhlabeni.
Inqubekelaphambili yethu ekufanekiseni isimo sezulu soMhlaba ibe nkulu, kodwa ukuqonda kwethu isimo sezulu sasemkhathini kusesezigabeni zakho zokuqala. Lokhu kubonakala ekulinganiselweni kwethu ekubikezeleni izinqubo ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokukhula komsebenzi.
Ngithemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesimo sezulu sasemkhathini nezici zaso.