International Space Station

La International Space Stationl (ISS) iyisikhungo socwaningo kanye nelabhorethri yokutolika kwendawo lapho izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe eziningana zibambisana futhi zisebenze. Abaqondisi ngama-ejensi asemkhathini aseMelika, isiRashiya, eYurophu, eJapane naseCanada, kodwa ihlanganisa ithimba lezizwe ezihlukahlukene nezinto ezikhethekile ukuze liphathe futhi lisebenzise ihadiwe enikeziwe.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi mayelana ne-International Space Station nokubaluleka kwaso.

International Space Station

Lezi zisebenzi zisingatha imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi yokusebenza izindawo zokwakha, izinsiza zokucubungula kanye nokuqalisa ukwesekwa, sebenzisa izimoto eziningi zokwethulwa, yenza ucwaningo, futhi uqondise ubuchwepheshe nezindawo zokuxhumana.

I-Assembly of the International Space Station yaqala ngokwethulwa kwemojula yokulawula i-Russian Zarya ngoNovemba 20, 1998, exhunywe kuhabhu ye-Unity eyakhiwe e-US ngemva kwenyanga, kodwa isilokhu ishintshwa futhi yanwetshwa njengoba kudingeka. Maphakathi no-2000, kwanezelwa imojula ye-Zvezda eyenziwe eRussia, futhi ngo-November wonyaka ofanayo, iqembu lokuqala labahlali lafika, elihlanganisa unjiniyela we-aerospace waseMelika uWilliam Shepard kanye nonjiniyela wemishini waseRussia uSergey Krikalev noColonel Yurigi Cenko. Russian Air Force. Kusukela lapho, isiteshi sasemkhathini besimatasa.

Lesi yisiteshi sasemkhathini esikhulu kunazo zonke ezake zakhiwa futhi sisaqhubeka nokuqoqwa ku-orbit. Uma lokhu kunwetshwa kuphela, kuzoba yinto yesithathu ekhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni ngemva kweLanga neNyanga.

Kusukela ngonyaka we-2000, osomkhathi abafika e-International Space Station bazungeza cishe njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Bafika ngomkhumbi-mkhathi bevela e-United States naseRussia, kanye nezinto zokusinda. I-Soyuz ne-Progress iphakathi kwemikhumbi yaseRussia esetshenziswa kakhulu ngalezi zinhloso.

Izingxenye ze-International Space Station

Izingxenye zesiteshi sasemkhathini akulula ukuzenza. Inikwa amandla ngamaphaneli elanga futhi ipholiswe yisekethe ekhipha ukushisa kumamojula, izindawo lapho izisebenzi zihlala futhi zisebenza khona. Emini izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ku-200ºC, kanti ebusuku lehla liye ku-200ºC. Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe kahle.

Ama-trusses asetshenziselwa ukusekela amaphaneli elanga namasinki okushisa, futhi amamojula amise okwezimbiza noma ama-sphere axhunywe "ngamanodi." Amanye amamojula ayinhloko yi-Zarya, Unity, Zvezda kanye ne-Solar Array.

Ama-ejensi amaningi asemkhathini aklame izingalo ezingamarobhothi ukuze ziqondise futhi zihambise imithwalo emincane ekhokhelwayo, kanye nokuhlola, ukufaka, nokushintsha amaphaneli elanga. Edume kakhulu i-telemanipulator esiteshini sasemkhathini eyakhiwe yiqembu laseCanada, egqama ngesilinganiso sayo esingamamitha angu-17 ubude. Inamalungu angu-7 anenjini futhi ingathwala imithwalo esindayo kunokuvamile njengengalo yomuntu (ihlombe, indololwane, isihlakala neminwe).

Izinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kuso sonke isakhiwo sesiteshi sasemkhathini zimelana nokugqwala, ukushisa kanye nemisebe yelanga, ngakho azintsha ngokuphelele futhi azikhiphi amagesi anobuthi lapho zithinta izakhi zasemkhathini.

Ingaphandle lesiteshi sasemkhathini linokuvikelwa okukhethekile ekushayisaneni okuncane kwezinto zasemkhathini, njengama-micrometeorite nemfucumfucu. Ama-Micrometeorite amatshe amancane, ngokuvamile angaphansi kwegremu, abonakala engenangozi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yejubane labo, bangalimaza kakhulu izakhiwo ngaphandle kwalokhu kuvikelwa. Ngokunjalo, amafasitela anokuvikela okulwa nokushaqeka njengoba enziwe izingqimba ezi-4 zengilazi engu-3 cm obukhulu.

Uma isiqediwe, i-ISS izoba nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-420.000 nobude obungamamitha angu-74.

Kuphi?

Isikhungo socwaningo sitholakala kumakhilomitha angama-370-460 ngaphezu komhlaba (cishe ibanga phakathi kwe-Washington DC ne-New York) futhi ihamba ngesivinini esimangalisayo esingu-27.600 km/h. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isiteshi sasemkhathini sizungeza Umhlaba njalo ngemizuzu engama-90-92, ngakho abasebenzi bathola ukuphuma nokushona kwelanga okuyi-16 ngosuku.

Isiteshi sasemkhathini sizungeza Umhlaba ngokuthambekela kwamadigri angama-51,6., okuwuvumela ukuba uhlanganise amaphesenti angaba ngu-90 ezindawo ezinabantu abaningi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphakama kwayo akuphakeme kakhulu, kungabonakala phansi ngeso lenyama ngaleso sikhathi. Kuwebhu http://m.esa.int ungalandela umzila wayo ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze ubone ukuthi iseduze yini nendawo yethu. Njalo ezinsukwini ezi-3 idlula endaweni efanayo.

impilo yesiteshi

Ukuqinisekisa abasebenzi kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni akuwona umsebenzi olula njengoba ziningi izingozi ezisuka emkhathini kuya ezimeni zempilo ngemva kokuchitha isikhathi emkhathini. Nokho, amashifu angasiza osomkhathi bagweme izingozi ezinkulu.

Isibonelo, ukuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi kuthinta imisipha yomuntu, amathambo kanye nesimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi, isizathu sokuthi kungani amalungu eqembu kufanele azivocavoca amahora ama-2 ngosuku. Ukuzivocavoca kuhlanganisa ukunyakaza kwemilenze okufana nebhayisikili, ukunyakaza kwengalo okucindezelwa ebhentshini, kanye nama-deadlift, ama-squats nokunye. Imishini esetshenziswayo ivumelane ngokugcwele nezimo zendawo, ngoba kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isisindo esisemkhathini sihlukile kunesisindo eMhlabeni.

Kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa zokujwayela ukuze ulale kahle ebusuku. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze amalungu eqembu abe nokunaka okufanele ekusebenzeni nasekuthatheni izinqumo. Osomkhathi bavame ukulala phakathi kwamahora ayisithupha nayisithupha nesigamu ngokwesilinganiso, futhi bazoboshelwa entweni engavuthi.

Osomkhathi baxubha amazinyo, bageze izinwele zabo futhi baye endlini yokugezela njengawo wonke umuntu, kodwa akulula njengasekhaya. Ukuhlanzeka kahle kwamazinyo kuqala ngokuxubha njalo, kodwa njengoba ungekho usinki, insalela ayikwazi ukukhafula, ngakho abanye abantu bakhetha ukuyigwinya noma ukuyilahla ithawula. Amathawula ahlala eshintshwa futhi enziwe ngezinto ezincane kodwa ezimuncayo.

Ama-shampoos abawasebenzisayo awadingi ukugezwa, futhi amanzi abawasebenzisela umzimba ahlanzwa ngethawula ngoba ukuntuleka kwamandla adonsela phansi kubangela ukuthi uketshezi lunamathele esikhumbeni ngendlela yamabhamuza esikhundleni sokuwela phansi. Ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo zabo zomzimba, basebenzisa ifaneli ekhethekile exhunywe kufeni lokumunca.

Ukudla abakulandelayo kukhethekile, abakujabuleli njengaseMhlabeni, ngoba uma kunjalo ulwanga luba luncane, bese lupakishwa ngenye indlela.

Akuwona wonke umsebenzi esiteshini sasemkhathini. Bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi osomkhathi nabo banemisebenzi ethile yokugwema isithukuthezi nengcindezi. Mhlawumbe ukubheka ngefasitela futhi ubheke Umhlaba kwanele, njengoba abantu abambalwa benza, kodwa 6 izinyanga isikhathi eside. Bangakwazi ukubuka amamuvi, balalele umculo, bafunde, badlale amakhadi futhi baxhumane nabathandekayo. Ukulawula ingqondo okudingekayo ukuze usebenze isikhathi eside kangaka esiteshini sasemkhathini kungenye into engenzeka yosomkhathi.

Ngethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesiteshi sasemkhathini samazwe ngamazwe kanye nezici zaso.